australias involvement in viet essays

australias involvement in viet essays Australia had reasons for wanting to join the Vietnam War, quite apart from considerations of South Vietnamese sovereignty. It was considered necessary to maintain good relations with our alliance partners the United) and constituted a critical step in maintaining a defense. Initially, Australia provided financial support to the Republic of Vietnam (RVN), and when widespread conflict became more widespread, Australia provided military advisers. The United States, who had been keen "observers" of the conflict, soon committed itself to military intervention and Australia wished to show her support. The problem was, that the South Vietnamese government was not so convinced of the utility of Australia's presence. How was Australia to solve this dilemma? The official and propagated account of Australia's decision to enter the Vietnam War holds that Australia, at the behest of the South Vietnamese government, and together with the noble American nation entered (reluctantly) into war, to safeguard the world from communist peril. Vietnam constituted Australia's longest involvement in a war, and the first confrontation in which involvement was not always viewed as a simple logical process. The Australian troop force in Vietnam build up steadily in the years 1965-1967. Even before this Australia deployed military advisers, and sent aid to the South Vietnamese government. The actual Australian contingent was minor in comparison to force sizes of other allied countries. Additionally it was predominantly located in an area which was perceived as being of critical strategic importance for the overall war. Australia's presence was concentrated around a small area of Vietnam, Phuoc Tuy province. Here, the majority of Australian regular and national service troops were located, together with New Zealand troops, thus forming the integrated ANZAC force. Conflict in the area reached proportions which were not initially envisaged by the Australi...

Demostration Speech Essays

Demostration Speech Essays Demostration Speech Essay Demostration Speech Essay Good Afternoon Everyone, my name is . My demonstration Speech today will be based on creating your own air freshener. Ever walk into an environment that Just doesnt smell right? No I mean literally. The smell of a certain space can be a mood changer. According to the website housechen the first modern air fresheners were used by the Military in 1948 as a way to dispense insecticides. I am confident that all of us at some time have needed to change the smell of our environment with the use of air freshners. Today air fresheners can be costly. Most air fresheners today have to be plugged into an electric outlet adding to its expense. The great part about making your own air freshener is that its inexpensive to make and you can design it the way that you want. You can express yourself depending on the color scent and container. Several years ago while our family was living in Phoenixville, Pa. we opened up a candle shop. What we soon found out is that while people love the scent of candles they often fear the flame aspect of the experience. We then decided to make and sell Smelly Jelly air fresheners and have made them for several years even after selling our business. SO lets start by doing the most important thing, which is to find all of the supplies. The first step is to gather the equipment you will need you can do this by visiting your local hobby store or searching online. I use candelsandsupplies. com. You will need your medium; I recommend buying this in crystal form from a hobby center. You will need containers; you can find fancy glasses at the dollar store of go to the local hobby store or even a garage sale to find something that you like. I use small canning Jars as they work best for me. You need boiling water. This can be done with a simple teapot. You will need fragrance or scent. I use scent from a hobby store and I buy in bulk. You also need color dye. You must get this from a hobby store, as candle dye will not work well for you. You can find the best supplier by using a simple search online. Once you have all your supplies you can move on to making your air fresheners. Your second step is to boil the water and mix the crystals to use. Start by boiling some water in you teapot or put on a pan of water. Heat until the water boils. Mix the desired amount of crystals with the appropriate amount of water. Use a ratio of 1 tablespoon of crystals to 12 fluid ounces of water. Add dye to desires color and scent (2 fluid ounces) and stir. Now that everything is mixed you can Just enjoy the long lasting scent and appearance of your air freshener. This is how you go about container of your choice but a word of caution BE CREATIVE. Now that you know how to make an air freshener, lets go over what I showed you today. Final Review: So today I showed you how to do three basic things. 1. I showed you ow to find the right materials. 2. I showed you how to correctly mix your materials. 3. I showed you how to make an air freshener of your choice depending on the container that you choose. Today we use air fresheners to help change our moods. Air fresheners continue to expand with every scent imaginable. They are really inexpensive to make and a lot of fun to enjoy! So when you try making air fresheners on your own, use your imagination and be very creative. Remember, The skys the limit. Enjoy your creativity and the new color and scent of your very own homemade air freshener. THANK YOU

Batman Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Batman - Research Paper Example He is a protagonist with enough drawbacks to be worthy enough of a common man. In fact it is this faulty nature that makes him adorable and identifiable with every person who likes the character. Although batman has changed multiple times since his creation, he still manages to maintain his anti-hero status every time. Batman was created way back in 1939 immediately after the success of the Superman. Bob Kane and Bill Finger created the character originally. There are several villains to give him a tough time starting from his arch rival Joker to Penguin, Ra's al Ghul, Scarecrow and Riddler. He is the only superhero to fight a league of women super villains like Poison Ivy, Catwomen, Talia al Ghul etc. Batman lives under the identity of millionaire Bruce Wayne in the fictional Gotham city. He is a playboy millionaire, making several mistakes and wasting one chance after another in his life. His only respite lies in doing something good for the world. Batman’s goodness prevents him from killing the evil people. He rather aims in destroying just the evil in them. This makes him take the blame for several murders, lose his beloved ones and render him helpless when his close friends are in bizarre need. And the worst part is he is forced to change his ways against his will in killing or harming the villains, when it is too late. Each series of Batman which emerged over the past century highlighted his ethical dilemmas, late decisions and faulty personality establishing him strongly as an antihero. Joker and the Batman Joker is a petty thief set up to get shot by his own boss for having an affair with his mistress. Batman tries to save him from death and handover him to the hands of the law. But, he is dropped into a chemical factory by accident which turns him into an ugly psychopath resembling a joker with white skin and green hair. He blames Batman for his ill fate and becomes his main rival. Batman himself has a personal revenge with him, as Joker had mur dered his parents in front of his eyes when he was a child. The incident inspired him to take an oath on his parent’s grave stating he will always fight to establish justice in Gotham city. Batman only tries to disarm Joker in several instances in spite of his personal vengeance. But each time, he manages to cause more harm than good. He paralyses batman’s friend, kills Rachel, transforms Dent into a villain and goes on unstoppable. He forces Batman to the verge of killing him each time, but escapes in the end (Robert, 2008). Batman on the other hand fears there will not be any difference between him and Joker if he completely killed him. Batman fears he does not have the right to kill or harm anyone, but can only defend the helpless. Joker character is the complete opposite of Batman. He derives pleasure in harming people. He simply cannot live without inflicting some sort of pain to others. As he himself says in the movie â€Å"you won't kill me out of some misplace d sense of self-righteousness. And I won't kill you because you're just too much fun. I think you and I are destined to do this forever†. The relationship between Batman and the Joker is similar to that of day and night. One cannot exist without another. It takes a Joker to keep Batman from getting depressed with helplessness and guilt. It takes a Batman for Joker to keep him in line. Though Joker is considered as the prominent villain of the Batman series he is looked upon as the extreme

Nursing Education System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nursing Education System - Assignment Example According to Chen (1996, pp. 129-149), the first collegiate nursing program was started by Peking Union Medical College (PUMC). This was a five-year program established in 1920. The first secondary level nursing school was established in 1930. The PUMC program remained the only tertiary program in Chinese education until 1952 when the communist government restructured the education system to accommodate the higher education system. However, the political upheavals delayed the implementation of the higher education program until 1980s (Xu et al., 2000, p. 208). Nursing education in Poland was established later than in China, i.e. 1911 (Sztembis, 2006, p. 102). However, the development rate of nursing education in Poland was faster compared to that of China. Polish nursing education ceased in 1914 with the rise of the First World War (Sztembis, 2006, p. 102). According to Wolska-Lipiec (1987, p. 42), most of the teachers and graduates of the school joined the military to train the soci ety on the modalities of caring for the wounded and participating in the civil sanitation. Secondary education in nursing was introduced in 1960s, while the university-based programs were introduced in 1980s (Sztembis, 2006, p. 104). Government and Nursing Organizations Influencing Nursing Education: Comparison of Poland and China. Nursing education in China was predominantly influenced by the missionaries (Xu et al, 2000, p. 207). The horizon for the Chinese health care has been expanded by programs such as the WHO collaborating center in Nursing and Midwifery, Heart to Heart and the Project Hope which have been sponsored by the government and other non-governmental organizations (Xu et al, 2000, p. 208). The prominent source of financial support is China’s Medical Board (CMB), which is an offshoot of Rockefeller Foundation (Xu et al., 2000, p. 212). CMB provides resources for faculty training, purchasing the reading materials and capacity building. In Poland, the programs a imed at preparing women for care of patients were funded by the collaboration of the American Red Cross and Rockefeller Foundation (Sztembis, 2006, p. 103). The Polish Nursing Association undertook the process of redesigning nursing through seeking support from the politicians and leaders. The 1990s witnessed the establishment of the Independent Nursing Section in the Ministry of Health which later culminated into the Department of Nursing. The self-governing body of Polish nurses, i.e. Nursing Chambers, acts as the formal representation of the nurses at the national level. Current System of Nursing Education: Comparison of Poland and China The Chinese system requires a candidate to go through the secondary nursing programs; Zhuake programs, which are equivalent to the associate degree programs in the U.S., and Baccalaureate programs for them to be registered nurses (Xu et al., 2000, p. 209). The secondary nursing program acts as a basic academic unit of a nursing school. The second ary nursing programs occur in two forms; the first, which enrolls high school graduates and a second that admits the middle and junior high school graduates. Post secondary nursing program in China has three levels: Baccalaureate, Zhuanke and Graduate (Xu et al., 2000,

Is capital punishment a good sentencing option Essay

Is capital punishment a good sentencing option - Essay Example Colon-Cruz), declaring it unconstitutional (Bedau, 190). Essentially, capital punishment may be referred to as â€Å"the taking of a criminal’s life by an organized society in view of his crime† (Moreland and Geisler 1990, 103) In the US, the legal methods to carry out the death penalty through the years are as follows: lethal injection, electrocution, gas chamber, hanging. Arguments in favor of the death penalty can be classified into three: utilitarian, retributive and egalitarian. The first is that view which holds that enforcing capital punishment would serve the common good because society would benefit from it by deterring crime either by discouraging future offenders or by incapacitating the criminal. Many view the utilitarian argument as a forward-looking and objective perspective since it weighs both the cost and benefit of the penalty. The retributive argument, meanwhile, follows the classic â€Å"an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth† principle. There is no thought given to what the society may reap or achieve from the act of killing an offender. What matters is that the criminal should be punished because he deserves it. Finally, there is also the egalitarian point of view. Here, capital punishment is seen as part of the principle that all people must be treated the same and that too little punishment may constitute an injustice for a criminal that has committed a far grievous crime. On the other hand, proponents who object to capital punishment argue that it violates the right to life, that it is inhumane and actually do nothing to deter crime. As one would find, the arguments are anchored on what is moral and in some areas dwell in the utilitarian line of reasoning as well. Many of those who favor the abolition of death penalty cite the â€Å"inalienable right to life† which Thomas Jefferson himself has eloquently stated in the Declaration of Independence as â€Å"Nature’s Laws† given by God and that no man has the right to

Framing And Controlling Media Discourse On Terrorism Criminology Essay

Framing And Controlling Media Discourse On Terrorism Criminology Essay Following the September 11 attacks in 2001 in America, terrorism obtained a global reputation and public reaction throughout the world. Terrorism is not a new phenomenon. It has existed from centuries ago. But that time (September 11, 2001) America was the terrorists target. It was the first time that such massive attack was spread among people around the world by live news. In recent years, the number of stories and news about terrorist and terrorism discourses has been increased, especially after September 11, 2001 in America and July 7, 2005 in London. The Media and the government, as the key institutions in every society, play significant role to create public knowledge toward terrorist and terrorism. It seems that the media, as a tool for presentation of the governments policy, is used and controlled by government in coverage of news about terrorist and terrorism themes. In this essay I am going to address this question: who (which organisation) is managing and controlling media content and discourse about terrorism? According to literatures, (e.g. Hoffman 2006; Paletz 1992) the media is affected directly by governments policy. On the other hand, the media may do the terrorists favours because the media can be also used by terrorists to spread their own news, information and beliefs across society and the world. Altheide (2006), Hoffman (2006) and paletz and Boiney (1992) argue that the media itself plays main role in managing and framing media discourse on terrorist. However, it seems that the media is a device that is used by both government and terrorists to impact on the public mind. Thus, they can utilize the media, negatively or positively, to achieve their goals, meaning that the media does not have complete control over its contents. The reminder of this essay contains of section 2 that discusses about the definition of terrorism,. In section 3 addresses the question of the essay. Finally, section 4 provides the conclusion of the essay. Terrorism and Terrorist In fact, in the last hundred years, terrorism has not much changed. However; a unique and complete definition of this phenomenon does not exist. Despite the expansion of terrorism and its importance for the international security, defining the term terrorism is still faced with uncertainty. One of the main reasons for this ambiguity may be the diversity of terrorists goals and the variety of terrorism forms. Therefore, there is no universally definition of terrorism. On the whole, the word terrorism (terror) means the panic and fear. Common definition of terrorism refers to violent acts and aggressive behaviours which lead to create fear or terror among people. Hoffman (2006) quotes from terrorism group that violent actionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. are shocking. We want to shock people; everywhereà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.It is our way of communicating with the people. The concept of shock suggests creating fear and murder, threats and intimidation among people. Among various definitions of terrorism, some of them are provided below: The United State Department of Defence (DOD) define terrorism as the unlawful use of violence or threat of violence to install fear and coerce governments or societies. Terrorism is often motivated by religious, political, or other ideological beliefs and committed in the pursuit of goals that are usually political. According to United Nation in (1992) terrorism means: An anxiety-inspiring method of repeated violent action, employed by (semi-) clandestine individual, group or state actors, for idiosyncratic, criminal or political reasons, whereby- in contrast to assassination- the direct targets of violence are not the main targets.(http://www.terrorism-research.com) The U.S Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) describes terrorism as: the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives. Taylor (1986) cited in Cottle (2006) sees terrorism as the violence which is done by none -sates groups or individuals. Therefore, he believes that terrorism is not a state-oriented action. Cottle (2006) also believes that Taylors view is more appropriate than the view that points to the state terrorism. Taylors view (1986) is discussable since it seems that in countries with dictatorial government, state is upper hand in terror of oppositions. However, nowadays terrorism is an activity which is related to a particular actors or groups with special ideas. For example, some countries may tend to related terrorism to extremist Muslims. According to Gerrits (1992) cited in Paletz and Schmid (1992) [t]he media may provide insurgent terrorists with a good dose of the oxygen of publicity, but censorship can provide a government with the narcotic of secrecy, which is an even bigger danger to democracy. Cottle (2006) argues that the words terrorists and terrorism are used to say that actions of rebels or/ and oppositions are unlawful and illegitimate. Taheri (1987) says for one mans terrorist will always be anothers freedom fighter, but it can be said with certainly that terrorism is what terrorism does. Although there is not a single view and perspective on terrorism description across the world, terrorism and terrorism related actions carry common concepts which are fear and illegitimating. Types of terrorism To identify who has upper hand in media discourse on terrorist it may be useful to study the types of terrorism. State Terrorism: state terrorism usually refers to the state or states which intervene in the internal affairs of other governments in order to create fear or support of military operations, to weaken and overthrow a government. Domestic Terrorism: This kind of terrorism usually does anti-government activities to create fear among people to obtain attention (Powel, 2011). International terrorism: Emergence of international terrorism has increased in year 1983 (after the explosion of the Marine Battalion Landing Team Headquarters at Beirut International Airport.), and nowadays a considerable rise in international violence, especially in Asian countries, can be seen, especially after 2000 and 2001. The world has witnessed the victim of humans by international terrorism. It seems that international terrorism consists of domestic terrorism and state terrorism which support domestic terrorists. For example, serial explosions in Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan, in which thousands of women and children are sent to the slaughterhouse, can be interpreted as international terrorism activity. Cyber terrorism: Dennings (2000) defines cyber terrorism as a violent attack to computer programmes, networks and secret information that leads to a severe fear and economic and political losses. Cyber terrorism is much more serious than the activity of hacker because cyber terrorism aims critical infrastructures of information technology of a country or government to obtain important information in order to use it against that government and/or special group. As the main classical tool of terrorism is explosion and firearms, the main weapon of cyber terrorist is computer. There are many ways that terrorists can use the computer as a terrorism device. The most important methods of cyber terrorism are hacking and computer viruses, electronic espionage, identity theft and destruction or manipulation of information. Who has upper hand in media discourse on terrorism? This section is going to investigate the source of the media discourse on terrorism. On the whole, if we identify who (government, the media itself or terrorist) benefits from the forming the media content about terrorism we may address better the main question of the essay. The Media or government? The media are at the heart of events because the media would like to break news. Therefore, all the discussions about terrorism come from the media, especially after the September 11 terrorist attacks because it is the media that distribute the news of the terrorism and people are informed formally about the events by the media. Media, in particular, old media such as television, radio and newspaper, has become a platform for covering and publishing the terrorists activities in recent years. As Paletz and Boiney (1992) discusses, Laqueurs (1977) indicates that terrorists tend to attack free societies. The terrorist rational is that the media is free in these societies and, therefore, media can cover violent event and publish the related news immediately. It may mean that in tighten societies the media content and news are controlled by the government and violent events may not be covered completely by the media in such societies. For example, in countries such as Spain and Italy, the press has been prohibited to cover and spread terrorist notice. (Obalance, 1989) .This is what that terrorist does not like it. The media are very well suited for the purposes of terrorists. Terrorists utilize different types of media to informed public people about their targets, values and ideas. Hoffman (2006) argues that terrorism can reach a wider target audience with the media because without media the effect of the act would be glancing. Without massive news coverage the terrorist act would resemble the proverbial tree falling in the forest: if no one learned of an incident, it would be as if it had not occurred. (Nacos 2000) Furthermore, Altheide (2006) discusses that the media is seen as an important part of publics life and known as a kind of communication which conveys news and information beyond the margins. Therefore, the media is seen as a tool which can be used by various institutions and for different targets. The media is important for terrorists because without the media they cannot spread the terror news and also they can use the media as leverage on the governments to gain their political goals (Hoffman, 2006). As the media is known as a linker between government and public it is, therefore, the best tool which government can use to inform people about incidents. Nowadays, the media have an inevitable role in promoting government programs and in creating an atmosphere to shape public opinion and decisions. Therefore, the media always has been regarded by governments. Governments with assistance of the media have achieved the unique power in the domestic and foreign area .Statesmen with using the media implement their policies and programs. Therefore, it is obvious that the government in each country have considerable dominance on the media. It can be seen that the media is a tool in the hands of statesmen and cannot act fully independently. Therefore, it might be true to say that when we discuss about the role of the media on framing and managing terrorism discourses, we investigate, in fact, the role and power of the sate which control the media content. However, one may say that the media itself is the first in managing and forming the contents on terrorism because reaction of the media to a terror and the way that the media coverage the related news are different and this may be criticized for damaging effects. The media may contribute terrorists to distribute fear among people or willingly and unwillingly provide terrorists with important information that worsen the situation in favour of terrorism and against the security and peace. This may cause authorities to meet some demands of terrorists to render the peace and calmness to the society. Cottle(2006) discusses that the media can have a progressive role in relation to violence and terror. In other words, it seems that media can encourage people to think about the causes and effects of terror and violence. This leads to form a pubic judge from people on the events. Cottle (2006) calls this phenomenon as democratize violence. However, in most cases the media may censor the fact of incidents, by media owners such as government, in corporate with public authorities to control and constraint the understanding of people of the event. (Paletz and Boiney, 1992). According to Nosseke (1985) cited in Paletz and Boiney (1992) the best way to avoid the impact of the mass media is to prevent the occurrences of terrorist attacks. Nevertheless, it is unlikely that the media, especially the old media, form and manage all news of terrorism directly and independently without the control of the governmental authorities. Terrorism Since terrorism likes a permanent non-normal situation and fear after its act and media contributes to create such a situation, terrorism is the first to wish control over the media. Miller (1982) argues that there is a relationship between media and terrorism. This relationship is inseparable because the media always covers the terrors news. Terrorism also would like to receive attention of the media. Terrorism, like an ill mannered enfant terrible, is the medias stepchild, a stepchild which the media, unfortunately, can neither completely ignore deny.(Powell, 2011) There are various factors which encourage terrorist to use different types of the media (e.g. the Internet) such as depressing their enemies such as government, creating fear among public, being famous to the public by spreading their targets and release their massages through the media. New media, in particular the Internet, has been increasingly used by terrorists to reach their goals. The evidence shows that the old media has been replaced by the Internet especially in covering terrorism discourses because of accessing speed to the news and events on the Internet. Nowadays, terrorists are not restricted geographically and are not dependent on a particular state politically or financially. To reach their murderous goals, they rely on their advanced communication capabilities, including the Internet. All terrorists have particular websites where they can communicate with their readers and followers and also can convey their propaganda. According to Hoffman (2006), almost without exception, all major (and many minor) terrorist and insurgent groups have Web sites. He then quotes from an American Internet researcher at the U.S. governments Foreign Broadcast and Information Service (FBIS): These days, if youre not on the web, you dont exist. Thus, in virtual space and t he new media environment terrorism is able to manage the media discourse and contents on the terrorism issues more freely than the traditional media because public authorities of a society can control over the old media much better than the new media though government, for example, can block some websites and filter them. Terrorism and the Internet both are related to each other. First, the Internet is a space for the both group and individual terrorists to spread their messages of hate and violence. Second, both individuals and groups have tried to attack some computer networks. This attack is known as cyber-terrorism. Communication via computer is ideal for terrorists because it cannot be controlled, limited or censored and it is free to access for everyone. Moreover, the audiences of the Internet are massive, larger than old media and it is easy, fast and inexpensive to access. More importantly, new media audiences can access a multimedia environment. For example, they can use texts, videos and songs simultaneously. Many Internet sites are used by terrorist for psychological war against governments and their military. They put terrible images and movie clips of executed hostages and captives on web sites or show militaries vehicles which have been blown up with roadside bombings or suicide. For example, Al-Zarqawi in May 2004 put on the Internet some films of cutting off the head of a US hostage. Sometimes terrorists use famous web sites like YouTube which is the best place to spread terrorists news and notices is. Terrorists use text messages and video to weak the enemy morale and scare him. Thus, it seems that terrorism is not controllable with the existence of the new media. They are able publish easily their own news, values and activities with the new media (and even with some news channel of TV). The audience can access the original publications of terrorist the Internet. This suggests that terrorism has upper hand in managing the media discourses on terrorism. Conclusion According to the literatures, it is still difficult to identify who is behind the media content and discourses on terrorism or who manages the media about the terrorism issues. However, nowadays, it can be seen that terrorism can use not only the old media but also electronic and virtual media. The media is very important for terrorists. For example, they use the media to spread some films and videos of attacks to create fear and force government or politicians to do a certain work for terrorists. With the development of the new media such as the Internet, mobile phone and etc. terrorism has been capable to manage the media contents. In this respect, terrorism has upper hand in framing the new media content for itself, though power is in hands of dominant government. Government and politician authorities use the media to apply their policy and control society. Therefore, they usually delete some terrorism related news, present incomplete information and delayed news to the audience or may be able to filter some web sites that are against of their polices. Therefore, we can conclude that the media is an important tool to frame and create discourses on terrorism and both government and terrorist have been trying to control and use the media, old and new, for their particular objectives in various ways. It seems that even in a society with free expression and complete democracy the media cannot choose a policy completely against governments policy, especially in the terrorism issues because government and state has power and control over the media. However, in the virtual environment of the media (e.g. the Internet) the control power of the government has been violated and terrorists have been able to present themselves more freely and form their ow n news contents. Rference Altheide,D.L. (2006). Terrorism and the politics of fear. Lanham, Md.: AaltaMira press. Chapter (6). Cottle,S.. (Ed.). (2006). From terrorism to the global war on terror: The media politics of outrage In Mediatizd conflict: Developments in media and conflict studies. Maiden Head: OU press. Dennings, D. (2000). Cyber terrorism, Testimony before the special Oversight Panel of Terrorism Committee on Armed Services, US House of Representative, 23 may 2000. Georgetown University.(http://www.cs.georgetown.edu/~denning/infosec/cyberterror.html). FBIS, Near East/ South Asia. Israel: Palestinian Television Broadcasts Clip Encour- again Martyrdom. Maarive (Tel Aviv) (Hebrew), August 11, 2003. Gerrits, R.P.J.M. (1992). Terrorists perspectives: memories In Palatz, D. Schmid A. (eds) (1992) Terrorism and the media (pp. 29-61). London: Sage. Hoffman,B. (2006). Inside Terrorism. Revised And Expanded Edition. Clombia University Press Laquers, W. (1977). Terrorism. Boston: Little, Brown. Miller, A.H. (1982). Terrorism, the media, and the law. New York, NY: Transnational Publishers Inc.,U.S. Nacos, B.L. (2000). Accomplice or Witness? The Medias Role in Terrorism. Current History-The Journal Contemporary World Affairs. Nosseke,H.(1985). The impact of mass media on terrorists, supports, and the public at large. In A.Merari (Ed.), On terrorism and combating terrorism (pp.87-94). Frederick, MD: University Publications of America Obalance, Edgar. (1989). Terrorism in the 1980s. (P.118) New York: Sterling Publishing Co. Inc. Paletz,D. Boiney, J. ( 1992). Researchers perpectives. In Palatz, D. Schmid A. (eds) (1992) Terrorism and the media (pp. 6-28). London: Sage. Powell, A.K (2011). framing Islam: An analysis of U.S. Media coverage of Terrorism since 9/11. Communication research, 62:1 pp: 90-112. Taheri, A. (1987). Holy Terror: Inside the world of Islamic Terrorism, Adler Adler. P.3. Taylor,P.(1986). The semantics of political violence: In P. Golding, G. Murdock and P. Schlesinger (eds) Communication politics. Leicester: Leicester University Press. DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated terms. WWW.dtic.mil/doctrine/dod-dictionary/data/t/7591.html. [14 Nov, 2011] http://www.terrorism-research.com/ http://www.fbi.gov/albuquerque/priorities

definition paper -- essays research papers fc

Unlike any other form of literature or entertainment, Fairy Tales help children to discover their identity and suggest experiences needed to develop their character. In Bruno Bettelheim’s â€Å"Life Divined from the Inside† Bettelheim states that â€Å"Fairy Tales intimate that a rewarding, good life is within one’s reach despite adversity-but only if one does not shy away from the hazardous struggles without which one can never achieve true identity (Bettelheim 106). Anne Sexton’s â€Å"Cinderella† is a perfect example of Bettelheim’s definition of a Fairy Tale.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story of Cinderella is a classic story that has had many different versions. Anne Sexton’s version, begins as Cinderella’s mother is on her death bed. She is telling Cinderella to â€Å"Be Devout. Be Good. Then I will smile down from heaven in the seam of a cloud.† (Sexton 85) With the death of Cinderella’s mother, we get Bettelheim’s first example of a Fairy Tale; adversity for Cinderella. As the story goes on, Cinderella’s father marries another woman. She has two daughters, making a family of five. Cinderella’s father dies, leaving Cinderella’s stepmother in charge of Cinderella and the family. With the loss of her father, it’s seem that all Cinderella can face is adversity. Cinderella became her stepmother and stepsisters maid; but kept her chin up. She tried to lead a good life, but faced so much adversity with her family. They made her sleep on the sooty hearth every night; which made her loo k li...

Global economic meltdown

First of all we have to cognize about what is MELTDOWN?So if we are speaking about meltdown so we can state it ‘s an economic crisis. In a simple manner we can specify that meltdown is – A DECLINE OR A BREAKDOWN IN A SITUATION OR CONDITION. Global economic meltdown has affected about all states. Strongest of America, European and Nipponese companies are confronting crisis of liquidness and recognition. The planetary economic recession has taken its toll on Indian economic system and because of this it leads to multicrore loss in Indian concern and export orders, 10s of 1000s of occupation losingss particularly in cardinal sectors like the IT, automobiles, industry and export oriented houses. We can state recession is the consequence of decrease in the demand of merchandises in the planetary market. Besides we can state it associates with falling monetary values known as deflation due to miss of demand of merchandise. Recession in US is really bad intelligence for our state because our companies in India have most outsourcing trades from the US. There is besides a diminution in the employment market due to recession in the West. Some companies have laid off their employees and there have been cut in publicities, compensation and fringe benefits of the employee. During recession all companies whether a private sector or authorities sector are hesitating to take up new undertakings and they want to work on bing so recession is really bad for our state.From where recession came in India: –America is most affected state due to planetary recession which comes as a bad intelligence for India, because India have most out sourcing trades from the US. So, the decision is from US recession semen in India. India has been fighting about the impact of US meltdown its economic system and jutting growing rate. Signals of the lag in US economic system are most seeable in the existent estate sector where monetary values have corrected by 15-20 % . In India other sectors have besides started experiencing the lag in economic system. Sectors of Indian economic system chiefly IT affected by the US lag because of its export oriented nature. As we know recession is decrease in demand for goods and services in economic system and so it will turn in to diminish in production, lay-offs and a crisp rise in unemployment. The recent meltdown in US market due to the subprime crisis has a great impact on Indian corporate sector. The unemployment rate in US stood at 6.5 % in 2008. India is a underdeveloped state and US is the biggest consumer of goods produced by developing states and as the ingestion degree in US economic system is traveling down due to recession so the demand of good produced by these states is besides diminishing so it is besides a ground of recession in India which comes from US.Economic meltdown and environment: –First of all what is relation between economic meltdown and environment sustainability?Economic meltdown can adversely impact our environment because with the present economic down bend, many states including India are now more concerned with bracing their economic systems and for this a good extent involves addition usage of natural resources to increase production and market. Therefore the consequence is more natural resources would be used further consuming the extremely lessened planetary resource base. It means every state uses more oil to mine and it reduces the already vanishing planetary oil militias. More fossil fuel might be burnt by industries increasing planetary heating. More sea nutrient would be exported. More of the forest would be cleared for cultivation which is already in fewer sums. All we know recession lessening the fiscal power of the people and so they are bound to do a sudden attack on what is available and low-cost and that would be nil other than the natural resources, so if great attention is non taken by authorities & A ; all so that twenty-four hours is non excessively far when economic meltdown would interpret into a serious environmental meltdown.What we can make to get the better of this: –1. We can promote the people to utilize recycle rules. 2. Concerted attempts should be made by everyone to encompass green life. 3. Policies should be enacted and implemented to guarantee that industries comply with environmental Torahs. 4. Peoples should be encouraged to populate viridity. 5. Governments, NGOs and other administrations should draw resources together and happen permanent solution to the meltdown.Cause of recession: –The chief cause of recession is incensement of monetary value it means harmonizing to demand and supply theory when monetary value of the good additions demand of the good lessenings but in another manner when monetary value of the good additions so supply of the good besides increases. So, the state of affairs at which supply is more than demand is called recession that ‘s why monetary value increasement is one of the chief cause of recession – When a concern adult male invested severely so it do recession. – One of the chief causes of recession is besides globalization. – Medium is besides responsible for recession because every clip they assisting to perpetuate this crisis and state â€Å" fiscal crisis † a concern closes its door someplace. – One of the of import grounds of recession is all large disbursement on easy recognition during good twelvemonth. – Recession is besides caused by stock market clangs.Consequence of recession on Indian economic system: –As we feel the clefts in the face of an temblor so we can state the clefts are besides seeable during recession, when the markets are wholly disrupted the consequence shows. The worst consequence of recession on Indian economic system is unemployment and it is the greatest fright of any adult male that how will he feed his household now? When recession came here the female employees foremost feel the air currents of alteration, as they are more capable of being wounded physically or mentally. They know that they will be suspended from work temporarily or for good. Females who are working as a receptionist, public dealingss & A ; communications, making uneven occupations in the office are picked out when recession came in India. Due to recession exports for January 2009 has declined by 22 % . Companies in the private sector and authorities sector are non taking new undertakings because of recession. Some industries which are most affected by recession were air hoses, hotels, existent estate, beside this Indian exports besides suffered a problem and there was besides a large problem in the production of export-oriented sectors because of recession. Due to this authorities advised these sectors to cut down monetary value. Because of recession industrial production and fabrication end product decreases to 5 % in the last one-fourth of 2008-09. Decrease in demand in the US affected our IT and BPO ( concern procedure outsourcing ) sector and it losingss the chances for immature individual. The celebrated IT sector of India which earned about $ 50 billion as one-year gross is expected to fall by 50 % of its entire grosss. Now it has been estimated that cut down in demand for exports would ensue in the loss of 10 million occupations in the export sector entirely.Consequence of recession on Indian stock market: –Consequence of recession on public sector Bankss: –Due to recession populace sector bank announced to supply place loans at reduced rates to increase demand in retail lodging sector. 1. Loans up to 5 hundred thousands maximal involvement rate fixed at 8.5 % . 2. Loans from 5 to 20 hundred thousand, maximal involvement rate 9.25 % . 3. In instance of pre-payment no punishment to be charged. 4. Free life insurance screen for full outstanding sum. 5. No processing charges on borrowers it means those people who are taking loans. It means a individual can acquire a loan up to 90 % of the value of the house. These lodging bundles will besides give a stimulation it means work like an inducement for other sectors like steel, cement etc.Consequence of recession on fabric industries: –Due to recession orders are worsening from the universe ‘s largest market the United States, the fabric sector of India has been besides affected earnestly. Fabric industry is the 2nd largest employer in India after agribusiness. It generates occupation chances about for 33.17 million workers straight and 54.85 million workers indirectly, but due to recession industry analyst predict that by the terminal of April 2009, about half a million direct workers from fabric, garment and handcraft sectors will lose their occupations. The garments manufactured in India about 60 % are exported to foreign market like United State, EU, and Japan and it generate gross US $ 52 billion, but due to economic meltdown in US & A ; EU it affect textile concern in India and during 2008 the entire end product of fabric sector came down by 10 % . Many export orders are acquiring cancelled.Consequence of recession on Indian agribusiness sector: –Indian agribusiness sector has non affected by planetary economic crisis except some export oriented merchandises. As we know 60-65 % population of India depends on agribusiness and the agribusiness sector of state will salvage the India from the immense impact of the planetary economic recession. This clip agribusiness is the key for Indian growing in this hard clip.Consequence of recession on person ‘s life of different companies: –On Satyam: –Satyam kept about 5000 employees on practical bench and those employees will non acquire full wages, 50-60 % of wages may be cut and figure of working yearss is reduced. Some people may be put on preparation and the wage paid is merely 25 % . So practical bench is partial ballad off, it is a cost film editing method because employees are the biggest cost for an IT company.On Wipro: –Wipro is the figure three Indian package services exporter, and due to recession Wipro consequences fail to fit outlooks. Indian IT outsourcing company Wipro is seeing a few clients because of less demand of the merchandise at the clip of recession. Company beginnings reveal that a figure of employees have been put under the monolithic layoffs status. Wipro senior concern adviser Pavan vyas said, the recession has challenged the manner of company. The company ‘s equal it means ability have besides been affected by the recession. So we can state US recession will surely impact the Indian IT sector.On Kotak Mahindra: –At the clip of recession international finance corp. ( IFC ) a World Bank group member, will give trade funding of $ 51 million to kotak Mahindra bank to help little and average endeavors hit by recession. The main economic expert of the international monitory fund Olivier Blanchard and several IMF economic experts have proposed that authorities should offer RECESSION INSURANCE. Companies and persons would purchase insurance policies, pay a regular premium for them and have a benefit if some step of the economic system like GDP growing, dropped below a specified degree. And recession insurance might assist relieve the economic crisis by cut downing uncertainness. Furthermore, recession insurance might, in contrast to financial policy, enforce no cost on the authorities, for it stimulates assurance, so the hazard being insured against it prevented. The authorities ‘s ability to offer such insurance on a scale sufficient to do it costless is one ground to favor a public strategy over private insurance company. Blanchard and his co-workers point out that Bankss might conditions loans to houses on their purchase of recession insurance, which might assist recognition markets function better, turn toing a serious job underlying the current crisis. So at the clip of recession kotak Mahindra bank do committedness with IFC to assist concern in India. This is the first bank IFC has supported in trade finance in India under its planetary trade finance programme.On TATA: –TATA is besides affected by it, recession hit wages gaining possible down, consumer capacity to purchase a auto it means consumer does non desire to take hazard and pass their money on the merchandise at the clip of recession so it affect the place of the company. Indian outsourcing provider TATA consultancy services ( TCS ) saw that their gross revenues decelerate and net incomes stagnate during its last one-fourth. Many outsourcing in India have been hit by the planetary slack in fiscal services and the state of affairs is set to decline as western economic systems spiral into recession. For the one-fourth ended 30th September 2008 TATA saw gross revenues increase about 15 % and for the same one-fourth last twelvemonth the house saw gross revenues growing of around 45 % so we can state TATA is besides affected by recession severely.On Maruti Udyog Limited ( MUL ) : –At the clip of recession Maruti zooms to rural market for gross revenues. We all are cognizant about it that planetary meltdown has surely hit the Indian auto industry hard as the figures prove the industry posted a growing rate of 11 % from April to October 2007 which has fallen to merely 3 % in 2008, why ; because of recession. Gross saless of little autos has besides decreased in the face of the recognition squeezing and to counterbalance the loss Maruti now plan to tap the rural market 60 % of which runs on hard currency. They launched a new theoretical account in Ludhiana at the clip of recession to convey some exhilaration into the market and they observe that the Indian rural market has a batch potency. At the terminal of 2008 the top functionary of Maruti udyog limited company says that recession has no impact on Suzuki. Katsumi Takata pull offing manager of Nipponese two-wheeled elephantine Suzuki says that recession has non affected us during the launch of their ace motorcycle Hayabusa. He said may be recession get downing, may be from the last month, may be this tendency continues for a piece but so far we are concerned, we are still turning. Every month we are traveling up.Consequence of monetary value on FOOD during recession: –Even as the universe is fighting to contend planetary market meltdown with companies plundering employees and industries scaling down production but the universe besides have to undertake nutrient deficit and surging monetary values in the approaching yearss. Harmonizing to united state Food and Agriculture Organisation ( FAO ) the current fiscal crisis will adversely impact agribusiness sectors in many states including India. This warning is issued by the FAO despite anticipations that universe cereal production is set to hit a new record of some 2.24 billion metric tons in 2008/2009. Again, planetary rice production is besides expected at 450 million metric tons during the same period. Still, this twelvemonth ‘s record cereal crop and the recent autumn in nutrient monetary values should non make a false sense of security. If the current monetary value volatility and liquidness conditions prevail in 2008/09, plantings and end product could be affected to such an extent that a new monetary value rush might take topographic point in 2009/10, unleashing even more terrible nutrient crises than those experient late. The study besides noted that most of the recovery in cereal production took topographic point in developed states, where husbandmans were in a better place to react to high monetary values. In contrast, developing states were mostly limited in their capacity to react to high monetary values by supply side restraints on their agricultural sectors. The FAO study farther noted that universe agribusiness was confronting serious long-run issues and challenges that need to be desperately addressed. These include land and H2O restraints, low investings in rural substructure and agricultural research, expensive agricultural inputs comparative to farm-gate monetary values and small version to climate alteration.Consequence on advertisement spends during recession: –* FOR SOME, its half glass empty. For the remainder, its likely half full. So how does this recession hit the Indian online media infinite? Nowadays, trade names are looking for more advanced ways to pull clients – whether be it increasing trade name consciousness, geting users, advancing new merchandises or merely tapping into a new section. India being the biggest untapped and fastest turning on-line market in the universe – trade names are more than happy to research this infinite and utilize their money intelligently. * The Indian online infinite is dining with new and advanced websites/portals. Which was the last ad you saw while you were surfing the Internet? With the rise of societal networking and its habit-forming range – we ‘ve seen all genres of ads splashed online. The first clip I heard about the film ‘Rock On ‘ was via Bigadda.com – would you believe it! Even production houses are utilizing on-line media to make its audiences as opposed to the obvious medium of pick – the telecasting. With e-papers, e-bills, e-banking, on-line articles, intelligence, picture, music etc – everything can be accessed through the Internet. So why should advertizers remain off? * Trade names do non look to be cut downing their advertisement investing ; alternatively they are puting money in the right media vehicles. They are weighing all the options and maximizing returns. With the Indian Web infinite boxing a mix of both online and offline advertisement solutions, trade names want every penny ‘s worth at this clip of recession. * At this clip of seamless engineering, GPRS, 3G and state-of-the-art Mobile phone – the nomadic WAP infinite is a front smuggler for advertizers in footings of media vehicles. * Recession has decidedly forced advertizers to believe – to believe about more cheaper and effectual advertisement options.How we can undertake or command the planetary recession?As we know IT industries, fiscal sectors, existent estate proprietors, auto industry, investing banking and other industries as good are facing heavy loss due to the autumn down of planetary economic system. Federation of Indian Chamberss of Commerce and Industry ( FICCI ) found that faced with the planetary recession, stock lists industries like garment, treasures, fabrics, chemicals and jewelry had cut production by 10 per cent to 50 per cent â€Å" Our economic system is shriveling, unemployment axial rotations are turning, concerns and households ca n't acquire recognition and little concerns ca n't procure the loans they need to make occupations and acquire their merchandises to market, † Obama said. So undermentioned steps we can follow to command recession- * Tax cuts are by and large the first measure any authorities takes during slack. * Government should boost its disbursement to make more occupations and hike the fabrication sectors in the state. * Government should seek to increase the export against the initial export. * The manner out for builders is to cut down the unrealistic monetary values of belongings to convey back the purchasers into the market. And therefore raise fundss for the uncomplete undertakings that they are developing. * The falling rupees against the dollar will convey a encouragement in the export industry. Though the purchasers in the West might go scarce. * The oil monetary values diminution will besides hold a positive impact on the importers * Home & gt ; Technology & gt ; ArticleBenefit of recession: –The â€Å" occupation † of a recession is to clean the â€Å" fat † out of the system, wipe up up surplus, and pave the manner for the following enlargement. Until that procedure is complete, there is n't much from which a legitimate enlargement can originate. Recessions put weak companies out of concern. In so making, sdeployed more expeditiously elsewhere. For illustration, Wall Street analysts who touted belly-up Internet stocks are redeployed at local fast nutrient eating houses to function people in a capacity for which they are much better suited. Stronger concerns that have used the contraction to tauten up their underside lines and turn more efficient are able to take advantage of these resources during the resulting enlargement. The economic system emerges from a recession leaner, more efficient and in good form for the following moving ridge of growing and advancement.

Competition And Usage Rate In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essays

Competition And Usage Rate In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essays Competition And Usage Rate In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Competition And Usage Rate In The Hospitality Industry Tourism Essay Essay Essay Topic: Competition The Hospitality industry consists of wide class of Fieldss within the service industry includes housing, eating houses, event planning, subject Parkss and transit, sail line and extra Fieldss within the touristry industry. The cordial reception industry is a several billion dollar industry that largely depends on the handiness of leisure clip and disposable income. A cordial reception unit such a eating house, hotel or even or amusement park consists of multiple groups such as installation care, direct operations ( serves, housekeepers, porters, kitchen, workers, barmans ) direction, selling and human resources. The cordial reception industry covers a broad scope of organisations offering nutrient service adjustment. The Hospitality industry is divided into sectors harmonizing to the skill-sets required for the work involved. Sectors include adjustment, nutrient and drink, meeting and events, bet oning amusement and diversion, touristry services and visitant information. Competition A ; Usage Rate Use rate is of import variable for the cordial reception industry. Just as mill proprietor would wish to hold his or her productive plus in usage as much possible ( as opposed to holding wage fixed costs while the mill is nt bring forthing ) so do eating houses, hotels, and subject Parkss seek to maximise so figure of client they procedure in all sectors. This led to information of services with the purpose to increase usage rate provided by hotel consolidators. Information about required or offered merchandises is brokered on concern webs used by sellers every bit good as purchases. In sing assorted industries, Barriers to entry by fledglings and competitory advantages between current participants are really of import. Among their things, cordial reception industry participants find advantage in old authoritative ( location ) initial and on-going investing support ( reflected in the material care of installations and the luxuries located in this ) and peculiar subjects adopted by the selling arm of the organisation in inquiry ( such as eating house called the 51st combatant group that has a WW2 subject in music and other environmental facets. ) Very of import is besides the features of the forces working direct contact with the clients. The genuinely, professionalism and existent concern for the felicity and good being of the clients that is communicated by successful organisations is a clear competitory advantage. Adjustment Hotels A hotel is an constitution that provides paid lodging on a short clip footing adjustment, in clip yesteryear, dwelling merely of a room with a bed, a closet, a little tabular array and a wash-hand stand has mostly been replaced by suites with modem installations, including ensuite bathrooms and air conditioning or clime control. Extra common characteristics found in hotel suites are telephone, an dismay clock, a telecasting, a safe, a mini saloon with bite nutrients and drinks and installations for doing tea and java. Luxury characteristics include bathrobes and slippers, a pillow bill of fare, twin-sink amour propres, and Jacuzzi bathing tub. Larger hotel may supply extra invitee installations such a eating house, swimming pool, fittingness centre, concern centre, child care, conference installations and societal map services. Hotel suites are normally numbered ( or named in some smaller hotels and B A ; Bs ) to let invitees to place their room. Some hotel offer repasts as portion of a room and board agreement. In the United Kingdom, a hotel is required by jurisprudence to function nutrient and drinks to all invitees within certain declared hours. In a Japan, capsule hotels provide a minimized sum of room spaced and shared installations. Motels A motel is designed for automobilists and normally has a parking country for motor vehicles. The term motel in the United States can be considered slightly out-of-date and few motel ironss still exist ( Motel 6 and Superb 8 are two of the most popular still in being. Motels peaked in popularity in the sixtiess with auto lifting auto travel. In the twelvemonth 2000, the American hotel Association removed motel from its name after considerable market research and is now the American Hotel and Lodging Association. The Association felt that the term Lodging more accurately reflects the big assortment of different manner hotels, including luxury and dress shop hotels, suites, hostel, budget and extended stay hotels. Entering lexicons after universe 11, the universe Entering lexicons after World War II, the word motel, a blend of motor and hotel or automobilists hotel, referred ab initio to a type of hotel consisting of a individual edifice of connected suites whose doors faced a parking batch and, in some fortunes, a common country ; or a series of little cabins with common parking. As the United States main road system began to develop in the 1920, long distance route journeys became more common and the demand for cheap, easy accessible nightlong adjustment sited close to the chief paths, led to the growing of the motel construct. Hotel Manager A Hotel director or hotelkeeper is a individual who holds a direction business within a hotel, motel, or resort constitution. Management rubrics and responsibilities vary by company. In some hotels the title hotel director or hotelkeeper may entirely be referred to the General Manager of the hotel. Small hotels may hold a little direction squad consisting of merely two or three directors while larger hotels may frequently hold a big direction squad dwelling of assorted sections and divisions. General Manager General Manager ( sometimes abbreviated GM ) is a descriptive term for certain executives in a concern operation. It is besides a formal rubric held by some concern executives, most normally in the cordial reception industry. Planing Planning is the first tool of the four maps in the direction procedure. The difference between a successful and unsuccessful director lies within the planning process. Planning is the logical thought through ends and doing the determination as to what needs to be accomplished in order to make the organisations aims. Directors use this procedure to program for the hereafter, like a design to anticipate jobs, make up ones mind on the actions to hedge hard issues and to crush the competition. Planning is the first measure in direction and is indispensable as it facilitates control, valuable in determination devising and in the turning away of concern ruin. Wyeth has a planetary vision to take the manner to better wellness. Employees at Wyeth are committed to excellence and through Wyeth s clearly written Mission and Vision Statement, Wyeth must populate by its values which clarify the company s aims and ends. Quality in the consequences that are achieved and how the consequences are reached making what is right, esteem for others, value those that lead and take pride in all they do, and the value of teamwork to make common ends. The uninterrupted usage of a program is imperative as Wyeth has divisions throughout the universe. Planing allows Wyeth to be at the top of the pharmaceutical industry and a healthcare leader. Forming In order to make the aim outlined in the planning procedure, structuring the work of the organisation is a critical concern. Organization is a affair of naming persons to assignments or duties that blend together to develop one intent, to carry through the ends. These ends will be reached in conformity with the company s values and processs. A director must cognize their subsidiaries and what they are capable of in order to form the most valuable resources a company has, its employees. This is achieved through direction staffing the work division, puting up the preparation for the employees, geting resources, and forming the work group into a productive squad. The director must so travel over the programs with the squad, interrupt the assignments into units that one individual can finish, associate related occupations together in an apprehensible well-organized manner and name the occupations to persons. Organization is strong at Wyeth with the ability to be flexible, except alterati on and hunt for new merchandises, Wyeth s leading provides needful way for staff to accomplish personal success that leads to organisational success. Directors at Wyeth are responsible for maintaining communicating lines open between sections to extinguish any issues from organizing. Wyeth would non be a healthcare leader if there was small or no organisation. Leading Organizational success is determined by the quality of leading that is exhibited. A leader can be a director, but a director is non needfully a leader, says Gemmy Allen ( 1998 ) . Leadership is the power of persuasion of one individual over others to animate actions towards accomplishing the ends of the company. Those in the leading function must be able to act upon / motivate workers to an elevated end and direct themselves to the responsibilities or duties assigned during the planning procedure. Leadership involves the interpersonal feature of a director s place that includes communicating and close contact with squad members. Directors at Wyeth are at that place to actuate workers to carry through the ends of the company and out-perform their rivals. They as leaders have twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours reach with workers utilizing unfastened communicating and are able to give way separately every bit good as within squads, sections and divisions. Management is at that place to animate subsidiaries to step up to the home base and happen advanced agencies to work out section jobs. Authorizing staff to hold the capableness to cover with state of affairss is a important portion of taking. Controling The procedure that guarantees programs are being implemented decently is the commanding procedure. Gemmy Allen stated that Controlling is the concluding nexus in the functional concatenation of direction activities and brings the maps of direction rhythm full circle. This allows for the public presentation criterion within the group to be set and communicated. Control allows for easiness of deputing undertakings to team members and as directors may be held accountable for the public presentation of subsidiaries, they may be wise to widen timely feedback of employee achievements. Department meetings are daily at Wyeth. Meetings are used to reexamine the day-to-day agenda, prevent jobs and to determine when jobs do be in order to turn to and work out those that occur as rapidly and every bit expeditiously as possible. Control is the procedure through which criterions for public presentation of people and procedures are set, communicated, and applied. Controls are placed on Wyeth employees by necessitating the completion of day-to-day duties and attachment to Wyeth s SOP s and guidelines, by perchance taking disciplinary action when necessary. Directors and supervisors are given work public presentation ratings that are a signifier of control as it connects public presentation appraisals to wagess and disciplinary actions. Measuring employees is a continual procedure that takes topographic point on a regular basis within the company. Importance of Management Planning The four maps of direction planning, forming, taking and commanding, presume a great worth in the success of any concern every twenty-four hours. In all organisations, each employee s single part to the success of the company is of tremendous importance as the company s ends would non be met and success would non be reached. Even with room for betterment, Wyeth has the appropriate maps of direction in place to be a long-run success.

The Impact of External Environment on Strategy

The Impact of External Environment on Strategy The External Environment and Strategy A business operates in an open system. It does not operate in a vacuum. The business has to consider all the dimensions of the external environment such as the regulatory/legal, economic and social environment. The company has to carry out a SWOT analysis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of External Environment on Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is where the company looks at all the threats and opportunities in the external environment. It also analyses its strengths and weaknesses so as to know whether it is equipped to face the threats and take advantage of the opportunities in the external environment1. A strategy refers to the action plan in the company operations. It relates to how the company will conduct its business in order to earn higher profits2. It entails the kind of products that the company will produce and the markets that it hopes to pen etrate. The external environment may adversely or favorably affect the business. The company however should ensure it is not caught unawares. It should be conversant with the trends in the legal/political, social and competitive markets. The strategic leader understands that the external environment is dynamic and highly turbulent3. He has to be flexible, having contingency plans dependent on what happens in the external environment. The Legal and Political environment This is an area that can be quite a threat to the company as it carries out its business activities. New laws can be enacted that can adversely or favorably affect the sales of the business. Research studies especially in the health sectors may reveal the dangers of certain components such as metal packaging for food. The companies may have to change its packaging and use glass packaging. Over time, the operations of a company may become unacceptable and the company may have to stop the operations. The country may als o change its laws on protectionist laws and tariffs in the country. The company may find itself faced with intense competition as the rate of globalization increases. The company will have to change its strategy and be innovative in order to survive4. It may work well for the company that had been trying to enter certain markets but there were great barriers.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Once the barriers are lifted the company finds it has great untapped market to sell their products. Companies that had ventured into certain countries through joint ventures had to leave when the governments decide to nationalize companies in different industries. The political environment also affects the strategic operations of the industry. Political unrest and instability in certain countries have caused companies to exit these markets and choose other markets to invest in. The Competitive environment One of the biggest factors in the environment that affects the business strategy is the competitive markets. Michael Porter identified five factors or aspects in the competitive markets. The first aspect is the barriers of entry into the market. The company assesses the barriers to entry such as capital requirements, technological aspect and the government tariffs and quotas. In a market where the capital requirements to start the business is high, the company may opt to form ventures in order to share costs5. A company may opt to have mergers and joint ventures to ensure easier penetration in the market6. When they are new entrants in the market, there may be shifts in market share of the company due to the new competition. The other factor to consider is the presence of substitute products in the market7. The company will have to be innovative in a markeet with many similar goods so that they can offer to the public a differentiated product. They will h ave offer something different to the customer that will make them stand out. They may offer excellent customer service, efficient services or cheaper products. Another factor to consider is the bargaining power of the buyers. If the company is a monopoly, then the business will not be threatened by customers as they cannot influence the product prices. There are markets where the customers can affect the prices of the goods. They may force the price down if they come together.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of External Environment on Strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The customers may be very sensitive to cost differences and influence the market prices of the good. The fourth factor that the company should consider is the bargaining power of the suppliers. The price of the supplier goods affects the costs of production and further affects the prices at which the company will sell their product. The suppliers will have a great influence if they are few8. When they are many, an individual supplier will not have influence on the price of materials. Finally, the company considers the rivalry between the existing firms. As the company decides whether to invest in a certain market, it looks at the direct competition it would face if it entered into the market. In industries that have intense competition there are many companies of the same size that offer the same products. Such industries have high rates of market exits as the competitive environment is too tough for certain businesses. The companies in the industry will also experience low rates of growth. The company has to be aware of what the competitors are doing and offering in the market. The competitors pose a threat to the company and it has to work hard to stay ahead of the competition. The Technological Environment The technological advancements in the external environment will also affect the strategy of the organiz ation. There are great opportunities that the company can take advantage of in this aspect of the external environment9. If the company does not keep itself aware of what is happening on the technology front, they will find themselves with outdated and obsolete products. Customers will go to competitors to get the latest products. This is an area for the company to show the public that it is the best in the market.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With the use of technology, the company will be able to provide to the customers with differentiated products. Companies have become innovative to create a competitive advantage in the markets. Great innovations occurred when the computer companies linked with the telecommunication industries. Companies are merging their website and mobile communication to communicate effectively with their customers. The Social Environment There are four aspects of the social environment that will impact the company strategy. The first one is the customer’s preferences and wants. The customer’s desires are never static. A good example is the move by customers towards products that are herbal. Once companies realized that this is what the customers wanted, companies produced a product line for herbal products in order to address these specific customer needs. The impact of customer preferences has led to low fat milk products. Companies do not want to be in a position where they lose o ut on reaching a particular market segment. The customers keep on changing their wants therefore influencing the kind of products in the market. If the company wants to succeed in the market place, their strategic operations will move to fulfill the need in the customers. Companies pay a lot of money in market surveys and research on consumers to find out if their customers are pleased. Ignorance and assumption will cause the customer to seek competitors for substitute goods. In order to be the preferred brand in the market, the company management has to look out for the opportunities in the market to address the customer’s needs. The second dynamic in the social environment is the culture and societal expectations. In going to different markets especially in the global markets, the company has to put into consideration the people’s culture. In certain areas the standard product may not sell. There are companies that have experienced failure when they launched products in different countries. The products were not selling. Take a case of a toothpaste company that has the tag line â€Å"use of the toothpaste will whiten teeth†. The product sales may never pick up in certain Asian areas because in that region since having yellow teeth is considered prestigious. The third aspect in the social environment is the aspect of social responsibility. In the world today, companies have had to involve themselves in corporate responsibility initiatives. The customers and the community at large in the recent years have come to expect companies to take active steps in ensuring the least damage to the environments especially for manufacturing companies. They are expected to participate in sponsoring community projects like sports and charity walks. This is an opportunity for the company to foster great customer goodwill and reputation in the market place. The customers will tend to view the company positively. There are business ethics to be considered. T he business in pursuing its economic goals has to ensure it follows fair and honest market practices. The demography of the population will also influence the company’s strategy. In countries where the young population is being rapidly being replaced by the older generations due to reduced birth rates, companies have to employ different strategies. For companies looking to recruit the young people, they may be forced to recruit from other countries or outsource services. They may also choose to come up with a program for the recruitment of the older workforce. This may involve learning what are the dynamics involved in recruiting the older working force. The government may increase the retirement age of the working force causing the company to reconsider their recruitment plans for the next five years. For companies that sell goods and services to the young people, they will face a diminishing market for their products. They will opt to diversify their product range and produ ce goods that cater for the older generation. The Economic Environment The economic environment also affects the business strategy of the company. In times of economic depression, the company will not be able to sell the volumes of goods they had anticipated. They have to re-strategize on how they will survive in the harsh market environment. In times of economic boom, the company re-strategizes on how they will take advantage of the excess cash and deposits that the customers have. If a company provides goods that are purchased because the people have constraints in the level of income that they earn, an upward shift in the disposable income will lead to the company losing out on sales. Other factors in the economy are the monetary and fiscal policies. The government in controlling expenditure and inflation may change the fiscal and monetary policies. The rate of borrowing money may be so high causing the company to consider other sources of finances. The government’s issue of bonds may lead to the company changing its capital structure in order to take advantage of the investment opportunities. Economic conditions in dependent industries will also adversely or favorably affect the strategy of the organization. When the prices of goods in related industries rise t the costs of production rise. Conclusion In light of the above aspects of the external environment, it is evident that the external environment affects the strategy of the firm in several ways. The company has to consider all the aspects so as to take advantage of the opportunities in the external environment. The company has to identify its core strengths so as to create a competitive edge. The company should address the threats in the external environment adequately so as to survive in the market place10. The strategic leader will always be analyzing the trends in the external environment. He anticipates the future business environment and takes steps to ensure the company will be thriving in the future11. References V, Alina, B, Nicoleta, P, Denisa ,I, Carmen. The Impact Of External Environment on Organizational Development Strategy.2010. Retrieved from 8th May, 2011. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/26303/ H. Ansoff. Implementing Strategic Management. New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs. 1985. A.Campbell, G. Michael A. Marcus Corporate strategy: The quest for parenting advantage Harvard business review ,1995. Retrieved from http://hbr.org/1995/03/corporate-strategy/ar/1 G. Cole. Strategic Management. London: Letts Educational. 1997. C. Dobbins (2010)Strategic Planning: External Environmental Scanning, 2010. agecon.purdue.edu/commercialag/resources/docs/exscan.pdf M. Guillot. Strategic Leadership, Defining the Challenge. Air and space  Journal, 2003. Retrieved from airpower.au.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj03/win03/guillot.html J. D. Hunger and T.L. Wheelen, Essentials of Strategic Management, Prentice Hall, 2001 A. Miller, S.Mary L. Linda.Competitive advantages in new corp orate ventures: The impact of resource sharing and reporting level Journal of Business Venturing Volume 6, Issue 5, September 1991, Pages 335-350 Retrieved from sciencedirect.com/ M. E. Porter, Competitive Strategy, New York: Free Press, 1980 S. Skaik, Implementing strategic management in construction. Construction  management guide, 2009, Retrieved from http://cmguide.org/archives/1375 R. Whittington What is Strategy and Does it Matter? UK: Thompson Learning. 2002. Footnotes 1 R. Whittington. What is Strategy and Does it Matter? UK: Thompson Learning. 2002, p 5. 2 Cole, G. Strategic Management. London: Letts Educational. 1997, p 11. 3 M. Guillot. Strategic Leadership, Defining the Challenge. Air and space  Journal, 2003. Retrieved from airpower.au.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj03/win03/guillot.html 4 J. D. Hunger and T.L. Wheelen. Essentials of Strategic Management, Prentice Hall, 2001, pg 33. 5 A. Miller, S. Mary L. Linda Competitive advantages in new corporate ventures: The impact of resource sharing and.reporting level Journal of Business Venturing Volume 6, Issue 5, September 1991, Pages 335-350 6 A.Campbell, G.Michael A. Marcus Corporate strategy: The quest for parenting advantage Harvard business review, 1995 Retrieved from http://hbr.org/1995/03/corporate-strategy/ar/1 7 M. E. Porter. Competitive Strategy, New York: Free Press, 1980, pg 3 8 C. Dobbins. Strategic Planning: External Environmental Scanning, 2010. Retrieved from agecon.purdue.edu/commercialag/resources/docs/exscan.pdf 9 V, Alina, B, Nicoleta, P, Denisa ,I, Carmen. The impact of external environment on organizational development strategy.2010.Retrieved from http://mpra.ub.uni muenchen.de/26303/ 10 S. Skaik, Implementing strategic management in construction. Construction  management guide, 2009 Retrieved from http://cmguide.org/archives/1375 11 H. Ansoff. Implementing Strategic Management. New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs. 1985. pg 87.

Money Market Violations and the Money-Laundering Events Assignment - 1

Money Market Violations and the Money-Laundering Events - Assignment Example According to a survey made by the International Monetary Fund in the year 1996, laundered money occupied 2 to 5 percent of the world economy (Molander et al, 1998). FATF which stands for Financial Action Task Force on Money laundering is an intergovernmental body which has been formed to fight money laundering (Witherell, 2002). It believes that getting a reliable estimate on the magnitude of money laundered is quite difficult and hence it generally doesn’t publish any numbers regarding the money laundered amount. The same situation is prevalent among the academic commentators who are unable to give any estimate on money laundered amount. Even though the exact measurement of estimating the money laundered is difficult, there are still millions and millions of money laundered every year (International Monetary Fund, 2005). This has been a great concern for creating financial policy by the government. This has resulted in lots of international organizations and government to take efforts to counter money laundering, to deter money launderers. Prevention and detection of illegal transactions have been a primary priority of financial institut ions and this is also emphasized by the government as well saves their company's reputation. The anti-money laundering legislation according to the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002, would demand an explanation by the authorities for any illegal activity by the customers of the regulated sector (Ewerhart et al, 2007). The regulated sector would comprise of investment, money transmission, and banking. UK has given wide importance in money laundering (FATF, 2004). Any involvement with any assets involved in the crime is treated to be money laundering offense. Any possession of the one's own assets involved in the case is also considered to be money laundering act of UK. The traditional meaning of the word money laundering would be a process which involves the source of the proceeds to be hidden or disguised and they are made to be appearing legal.

Fidel Castro of Cuba (1959-2008) Research Paper

Fidel Castro of Cuba (1959-2008) - Research Paper Example Fidel Castro is the former political leader of Cuba; he has served tenure of governance from 1959 to 2008. Fidel Castro is popularly known for the Cuban revolution which brought him to power largely by public support. As with all revolutions, two perceptions of Fidel Castro commonly exist in recollections – one portrays him as a heroic leader rescuing his people from the evils of social inequalities and another portrays him as a blood-thirsty lunatic hound shooting his people just to avenge the disagreement with or disobedience for his thoughts. â€Å"The seed of revolution is repression† (Wilson). When the public realizes that they are being oppressed by the laws formulated for their betterment, an uprising or rebellion is most sure to follow. However, more often revolutions are long drawn and tiring as governments refuse to let go of power and public refuses to be led into deterioration. â€Å"It is impossible to predict the time and progress of revolution. It is governed by its own more or less mysterious laws† (Lenin). It is needless to say those in power consider the uprising as evil while those in oppression consider the powerful as evil. Fidel Castro was the son of an illiterate sugar plantation owner. His parents wanted him to get education and eventually enrolled him in a boarding school. His teachers soon realized that Castro was an intelligent student and all-rounder athlete. He graduated in Law and initiated his practice as a lawyer in Havana, the capital of Cuba (Simkin). The conditions that led to his rule stemmed from his inclination to uptake court cases of poor and oppressed individuals who could not afford to pay him adequately. Consequently, Castro was financially unstable. However, this instability and the increasing numbers of cases with poor people involved made Castro realize the injustice prevalent against the Cuban nationals (Simkin). At the time, United States had a large holding in Cuba lands in the form of business properties. Most of those benefitting from these economic activities were foreign people while the vast majority of Cuban people were forced to live in poverty or difficult conditions. Castro saw this as an abuse of Cuban resources and people and set off on his political journey to rectify this error (Simkin). Castro was able to gain control of the governance through his political and rebellious course of action. Initially, he joined Cuban People’s Party in 1947 to put in his efforts in the social revival of Cuba. The party’s motives largely attracted Castro as these were consistent with his own goals. The party pressed for reforms whereby the corruption and injustice would be rectified, unemployment and poverty catered to and obnoxiously low wages looked on for improvements. His patriotism and passion quickly brought him to the forefront of the team. His interpersonal skills made him a hero in the eyes of numerous Cuban people who supported him in his motives till the very end (Simkin). In 1952 when the elections were scheduled to be held, Castro was a member of Congress for the Cuban People’s Party. This party was the most liable to be selected for the formation of the upcoming government. However, General Fulgencio Batista intervened in the elections with the help of armed forces and took over the control of the country’s affairs. This infuriated Castro and his fellow members. He was soon seen plotting against Batista’s make-do governance. Within a year in 1953, Cas tro attacked the Moncada Army Barracks with the help of 123 other individuals, both men and women (Nosotro, 2010). With a compliance of only 123 individuals, Castro did not stand a chance against the organized armed forces of Batista. Soon the rebellion was suppressed with eight killings during the battle and numerous killings after that. Castro repeatedly got lucky when those individuals in charge of him continually disobeyed orders of assassinating him. The news quickly