Ancient India Vs. Ancient China Essay - 950 Words

Ancient India vs. Ancient China Early Indian and Chinese civilizations were very advanced for their times. For example some areas of the Indus Valley had sewer systems while the Chinese mastered the art of spinning Silk. The first modern humans in China date back 50,000 years. Their populations today outnumber any country to date, which can be linked to their rich heritage dating back thousands of years. The early people of the Indus Valley were seen as the first civilization of India beginning around 3200 B.C.E. and lasted until the Indo-Aryans came at around 1600 B.C.E... Judging by the varying qualities of the homes discovered, they had a class system of some sort. They also had an economy consisting of agriculture and domestic animals. And, as mentioned before, they even had sewer systems in the more populated areas. Once the Indo-Aryans came, the culture of the Indus Valley people became intertwined in the new ideas of these new people. The Indo-Aryans brought with them an economy dependent on cattle. Other animals like sheep, goats, and horses were also valued. Grains such as barley were grown as well. They also had musical instruments, including flutes, drums and cymbals. Their government consisted of a Raja, or king, of certain areas. The Raja mainly protected the people, taking on the responsibility of defending his land. The gods were called Devas, similar to the Greek gods, and were used as personifications of natural forces. One deity was called Indra, whoShow MoreRelatedAncient China vs. Ancient India753 Words   |  4 PagesAmber Richey October 15, 2012 World History Ancient India and Ancient China Different but the Same Ancient India and Ancient China have as many similarities as they do differences. Over many decades of being so close they have had very little run-ins with one another. They have thrived living by the basic principles of a peaceful co-existence society. They have accepted each other’s differences and come to realize just how many similarities they have. Today it is almost impossible the seeRead MoreEssay on Exploring International Psychology1045 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction In researching the ancient roots of international psychology, I found that I gravitated with special interest to the ancient roots of Greek, Chinese and Indian psychology. In this research, I found myself replaying a statement I read when learning about the hypothesis regarding the history of psychology. This statement is â€Å" It may be possible that parts of history have indeed been chaotic whereas other parts have been linear and progressive and still others have been cyclical† (KingRead MoreA Vegetarian Vs. Vegan Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"A vegetarian vs. vegan? What’s the difference?† Although the differences may be known by some, many are foreign as to what distinguishes these two lifestyles. While vegetarians refrain from consuming an animal s flesh, vegans choose to rid themselves of the consumption and use of any animal derived products. With dietary limitations established, it is clear that these two differ greatly, but what unites them i s how the lifestyles came to be. As a vegan myself, I have developed core arguments andRead MoreHinduism and Buddhism’s Influence of Indian Culture in Southeast Asia1903 Words   |  8 Pagesaccepted by the rulers and people of the area. Within examining the evidence it is assured that Southeast Asians adopted and adapted to these religions. Hinduism originated in India, which is a polytheistic religion that follows the goal Enlightenment. Certain people and different territories spread Hinduism throughout India. Hinduism in Southeast Asia was a choice that was accessible for its people. This allowed them to worship whatever they wanted. 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It was in that sense that Aristotle used the word in his ÃŽ  ÃŽ µÃ Ã¡ ½ ¶ ÃŽ ¤Ã¡ ½ ° ÃŽâ€"á ¿ ·ÃŽ ± á ¼ ¹ÃÆ'Ï„Î ¿Ã ÃŽ ¯ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ¹[13] (Perà ¬ Tà   Zà ´a ÃŽâ€"istorà ­ai Inquiries about Animals). The ancestor word á ¼ µÃÆ'τωÏ  is attested early on in Homeric Hymns, Heraclitus, the Athenian ephebes oath, and in Boiotic inscriptions (in a legal sense, either judge or witness, or similar)Read MoreTypes Of Materials And Archaeological Sites1437 Words   |  6 Pagesmost general sense is the study of our humanity. Examples include physical or biological anthropology, cultural, linguistic, and finally archaeology. Archaeologists use different types of material, artifacts, and remains found on earth to find out ancient civilization culture. Biblical archaeologists work in a lot of the same ways as the anthropological archaeologists, but with reference to events set out in the Bible. 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Conquered the dark hued people (flat nosed barbarians) Less racist basis than might be supposed In the ancient times the higher caste individuals had lighter skins and narrower noses than others. Not so much the case today. China Han Dynasty. Described the yellow haired, green eyed barbarian people in a distantRead MoreStrayer World History Chapter 112348 Words   |  10 Pages1258 2. but Islamic civilization continued to flourish and expand B. The Case of India 1. Turkic-speaking invaders brought Islam to India 2. establishment of Turkic and Muslim regimes in India beginning ca. 1000 a. at first, violent destruction of Hindu and Buddhist temples b. Sultanate of Delhi (founded 1206) became more systematic 3. emergence of Muslim communities in India a. Buddhists and low-caste Hindus found Islam attractive b. newly

My Philosophy Of Teaching For Teaching - 932 Words

When I was learning about teaching in college classes my philosophy of education was different than when I actually started doing my student teaching. As soon as a teacher enters the classroom, it should be his/her second home. Teaching is a field of occupation where teacher needs have these two personality traits: patience and flexibility. Not all teachers are same thus each has their unique way of teaching students. My philosophy for teaching is very simple and fair. I would like to incorporate fun element when teaching so that students are more interested and engaging when learning. Teacher should be very respectful to each and every student in the classroom as every student has a unique personality. I believe teaching is one of the more difficult jobs, as you have to balance teaching students what they need to learn in education and in life. Philosophy of Education I believe that everyone develops his or her own teaching style. My philosophy involves imparting just the right amount of guidance. With appropriate guidance, every student is capable of a higher level of success in academics. These can be done by promoting creativity, emphasizing on the importance of education, and letting them think independently. Students have their own strengths and weaknesses which make them unique. Teachers should work on these attributes by incorporating the ideas of students themselves. Specifically, I believe that conducting an assessment at the end of the lesson canShow MoreRelatedMy Teaching Philosophy : My Personal Philosophy Of Teaching932 Words   |  4 Pages This is my personal philosophy of teaching. This is my belief about teaching and learning and how I will put my beliefs into classroom practices. First and foremost, the purpose of education is to educate students so that they can be ready for the real world. It should prepare students for life, work, and citizenship. To do this, education should teach one to think creatively and productively. In addition to preparing students for the real world, all students should be able to read and comprehendRead MoreMy Teaching Philosophy1217 Words   |  5 Pagesis at the elementary school level. My current goal is to either teach the 4th or 5th grade level. Moreover, throughout the semester I have read about or seen different philosophies through the observations I have done throughout the semester. While reading chapter 6 in the class text I thought to myself, as an educator what will be teaching philosophy that best suited my beliefs. Moreover, in chapter 6 there was a test where one would figure out their philosophy according to the test result. For meRead MoreMy Teaching Philosophy1088 Words   |  5 PagesSince the beginning of my academic career, teaching has always been an important part of my academic duties. The interaction that I have with students is not only enjoyable to me, but it also gives me an invaluable perspective on the subjects I am teaching. Since I started my position at the Mathematical Institute at the University of Oxford, I have tutored in four classes across three semesters and supervised two projects, as detailed in my CV. I am also tutoring two new undergraduate classes inRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching Philosophy911 Words   |  4 PagesTeaching Philosophy When I think about my teaching philosophy, I think of a quote by Nikos Kazantzakis, Greek writer and philosopher. Kazantzakis states, â€Å"True teachers are those who use themselves as bridges over which they invite their students to cross; then, having facilitated their crossing, joyfully collapse, encouraging them to create their own.† In my classroom, I will provide an environment that shows I am a â€Å"true teacher.† Philosophy of Discipline I believe that children learn best andRead MoreTeaching Philosophy : My Philosophy1100 Words   |  5 PagesTeaching Philosophy: Lauren Gross EDUC 120 Learn to Teach, Learn to Learn. / Use the past to teach the future ( That is my philosophy) Theory helps teachers think about what we experience and furthermore to teach and learn about how we, as educators, learn. Teachers should be supportive and cooperative, teachers should play the role of a friend, but also stealthily act in the role of advisor or guide for students. Teachers should live by existing educational theories, but also be able to createRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching Philosophy1145 Words   |  5 PagesMy teaching philosophy is to engage in a mutual exchange of knowledge with the students. I believe that through helping students to develop skills of critical reflection and critical thinking they will become able to carry out innovative research and also succeed in work beyond academia. Through interactive teaching methods such as group work, role play, and joint presentations I seek not only to encourage students to engage with me as an instructor, but also to exchange and discuss ideas with theirRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching853 Words   |  4 Pag es My role, as an educator, is to guide, engage, motivate and inspire students to learn so that they can realize their full potential and achieve their educational or personal goals. As a mathematics instructor my goal is to guide my students to learn to communicate mathematically, value mathematics and its usefulness, understand the material presented, able to recall and apply the concepts. Furthermore, I hope to deepen students understanding in the subject and become confident in their mathematicalRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching Philosophy1888 Words   |  8 PagesTeaching Philosophy My philosophy of education is founded on the core principle that all children should have equal access to a quality education that will prepare them for higher education and to be contributing members of society. Schools were founded on the primary principle of teaching values to students as well as educating them academically. While values have been removed from the curriculum, I still believe much of what we do as teachers is instilling values in our students. As educators,Read MoreMy Philosophy : Teaching Philosophy1071 Words   |  5 PagesAfter reading Professor Varis teaching philosophy it is quite evident he takes great consideration for his students and their learning opportunities. As I reflect on and review my understanding and my learning philosophy I am given the chance to reflect on past classes and possibly what could have been different on my behalf and the professor’s behalf. Also at this time I relish the opportunity to contimplate what my values, principles, achievement skills and also my expectations for this class areRead MoreMy Philosophy : My Teaching Philosophy893 Words   |  4 PagesMy Teaching Philosophy Since Koreans started to learn English, thousands of people have struggled to master the language. Parents currently invest a lot of money and their children spend enormous amounts of time studying English as government suggests new language policies. However, proper verification and investigation of those policies have not been done yet and the outlet is really not promising (Suh, 2007). Most Korean students study English for tests. The purpose of English is so focused on

The Importance of Diagnosing and Treating Inmates With...

In the early and mid 1900’s the U.S went through a period know as deinstitutionalization, where patients in mental facilities were reintroduced into society. This action was sparked by the introduction of antipsychotic drugs and the lack of funding to house and maintain mentally ill patients. This was to help not only the financial restraints of the government but to help each of the patients within the facilities by giving them the ability to live a fulfilling life without confinement. In the last few decades changes in the United States judicial system such as mandatory prison sen ¬tences, longer prison terms, and more restrictive release policies have lead to an exponential increase in the number of inmates located within the jails and†¦show more content†¦Many individuals feel the only way to repair the United States current system of diagnosing and treating inmates with mental illness is to completely rewrite the system and increase funding. Kathryn A. Burns wr ites in her article, Psychiatry behind bars: Practicing in jails and prisons, that despite the increase in the number of psychologists and psychiatrists practicing within the jail and prison system, most have had little or in some cases no training, education, or even orientation for these types of settings. While forensic psychiatry fellowship requirements include experience in treating acutely and chronically ill patients in correctional systems. Although general psychiatric training doesn’t discourage correctional ex ¬perience, it is not a requirement. Any forensic requirements of general psychiatric residency are limited to evaluation of forensic issues, report writing, and testimony. Burns continues to describe in her article how even with the 1976 United States Supreme Court ruling, stating that the â€Å"unnecessary and wanton inflic ¬tion of pain†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ proscribed by the Eighth Amendment was to include not only how correctional facilities cared for the med ical needs of inmates but also their mental needs, little has changed within these facilities. Inmates within jails are at a disadvantage due to the lack of time spent in these facilities. Jails often house inmates for shorter periods of time, usually one year or less, have rapid turnover,Show MoreRelatedThe Long Term Effects Of Childhood Abuse1562 Words   |  7 Pagesorganic disease later in life (Vincent J. Felitti). Understanding how, â€Å"Chronic exposure to stress hormones, whether it occurs during the prenatal period, infancy, childhood, and adolescence has an impact on brain structures involved in cognition and mental health† (Lupien). Persistent and over abundance of these stress hormones can effect an individual in numerous ways such as focusing issues, social issues, depression, anxiety, and much more. The ACE study doesn’t tell an individual they will absolutelyRead MoreNorth Eastern Mental Health Facility3486 Words   |  14 PagesThe Organization North Eastern Mental Health Facility is a 250 beds, long term mental residential health facility for adults located right in the center of Palm Beach County. The facility aids those in the community who suffer psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety disorders, adjustment disorders, and dissociative disorders. The facility provides room, board, meals, and counseling and therapy as well as directing patients to where medications can be received. North Eastern also hasRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesAppendix I Glossary 673 Appendix II References 683 Name Index 705 Subject Index 709 Combined Index 713 iii This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface xvii INTRODUCTION 1 3 THE CRITICAL ROLE OF MANAGEMENT SKILLS The Importance of Competent Managers 6 The Skills of Effective Managers 7 Essential Management Skills 8 What Are Management Skills? 9 Improving Management Skills 12 An Approach to Skill Development 13 Leadership and Management 16 Contents of the Book 18 OrganizationRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesII—MEDICARE BENEFICIARY IMPROVEMENTS Subtitle A—Improving and Simplifying Financial Assistance for Low Income Medicare Beneficiaries Subtitle B—Reducing Health Disparities Subtitle C—Miscellaneous Improvements TITLE III—PROMOTING PRIMARY CARE, MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES, AND COORDINATED CARE TITLE IV—QUALITY Subtitle A—Comparative Effectiveness Research Subtitle B—Nursing Home Transparency Subtitle C—Quality Measurements Subtitle D—Physician Payments Sunshine Provision Subtitle E—Public ReportingRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesmaintain its market dominance until it is challenged not by economies of scale but by being shoved aside by the next temporarily dominant product. This is changing the whole concept of manufacturing and factories in some industries. RECOGNIZING THE IMPORTANCE OF THE QUALITY OF PRODUCTIVITY Underlying many of these conditions is the Internet (now almost universally understood as multipurpose technology), which has the potential to help define business effectiveness both in the creation of new productsRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesan important part of theory, this act of conceptualizing, classifying or categorizing aspects of our world does not make a theory in its own right. So although the concepts and definitions are the basic materials that all theories use, of great importance is how theories also entail our trying to explain why what we think we have observed has happened. Often we then try to apply that explanation to other identifiable occurrences of what we consider to be the same phenomenon of interest. At the heartRead More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesDescribing Variability in the Data— Descriptive Statistics Probability Supports the Connection Step 3: Drawing Conclusions in a Way That Recognizes Variability in the Data Chapters 1–2 Chapters 3–5 Chapters 6–7 Chapters 8–15 The Importance of Context and Real Data Statistics is not about numbers; it is about data—numbers in context. It is the context that makes a problem meaningful and something worth considering. For example, exercises that ask students to compute the mean of 10

Martin Luther King Letter Rhetorical Analysis - 710 Words

In a letter by Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the civil rights leader uses various rhetorical devices to justify his actions for the nonviolent actions. His primary audience throughout the letter was to the clergymen who made accusations against Dr. King. He justifies his cause and argues the necessity of immediate action using rhetorical appeals such as ethos, pathos and logos. By using these various devices, Dr. King can gain the support needed for the Civil War Movement from his audience. The opening greeting â€Å"My Dear Fellow Clergymen† immediately begins the letter with the use of ethos, which is an appeal to authority. He is sending a message to the clergymen that he himself is not better than nor less than them. Dr. King also†¦show more content†¦Through the use of dark and enraging diction such as â€Å"vicious†, â€Å"kill† and â€Å"drown†, Dr. King is able to appeal to the emotions of the readers. He successfully gives a vivid image in which the audience can begin to feel the pain and problems of what it would be like to be part of black community as an everyday life. Dr. King’s primary goal was to persuade the audience to hear about these outrageous acts and adds on to justify his cause in response to the clergymen’s letter against King. The use of pathos helps arouse emotions in the audience to take action and end the racism and hate that has caused a lot of pain and loss. Dr. King continues his letter in which he also uses the rhetorical tool logos, an appeal to logic. By doing so, Dr. King strengthens the argument by adding commonsense statements. The appeals to logos help explain how segregation is unjust which is a rational conclusion since not everyone had equal rights and were treated differently just because they had a different skin color. King appeals to logos in, â€Å"We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God-given rights†¦Whatever affects on directly, affects all indirectly†¦Anyone who lives inside the United States can never be considered an outsider anywhere within its bounds†. This quote demonstrates through logic that any person has every right to disapprove injustice.Show MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingh am Jail1499 Words   |  6 Pagesgenre, and rhetorical situation. When reading critically we become acquainted with these concepts therefore become better writers ourselves. While learning about rhetorical writing and composition we have analyzed Billy Collins â€Å" Commencement Address at Choate- Rosemary Hall† , Martin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"letter from Birmingham Jail† and Lloyd Bitzer’s essay on â€Å"Rhetorical Situation†. In this paper I will analyze and make connections between the concepts of audience, genre and rhetorical situationRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr. s Letter From A Birmingham Jail873 Words   |  4 PagesAfter criticism from eight Alabama clergymen for his nonviolent demonstrations, Martin Luther King Jr. was compelled to enlighten them on the current issues plaguing the African American community. During his confinement in a Birmingham jail, King wrote Letter from a Birmingham Jail to address mos t of the clergymen s concerns about his protest. In his letter, King emphasized why his actions were not unwise or untimely and explained that now was the perfect moment to act. His studies and sermonsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther King Jr s Letter From Birmingham Jail1831 Words   |  8 PagesPersuasive writing is most effective when all three rhetorical appeals, Logos, Pathos, and Ethos, come together to form an indisputable argument. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr and Malcolm X are two of the most influential figures of the past few decades; similarly, their work is summarized as some of the most persuasive and controversial of all time. The audience of both of their pieces, â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† and â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† include oppressed African Americans and the white oppressorsRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther Kings Letter From A Birmingham Jail1488 Words   |  6 Pagesmotivation for writing my Rhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther King’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† is that this is a requirement for my English Composition Class. My heartfelt motivation for writing my Rhetorical Analysis is the respect I have for Martin Luther King’s intelligence and commitment that he displayed for the equality of the African American population. In analyzing â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail†, I developed an even stronger understanding of the dedication Mr. King had for the disadvantagedRead MoreEssay on Letter from Birmingham Jail Brief Analysis850 Words   |  4 Pages‘Letter from Birmingham Jail’ Rhetorical Analysis Martin Luther King Jr., the leader of the Civil Rights Movement, was arrested and placed in Birmingham jail after leading a non-violent march to protest racism in the streets of Alabama- a highly segregated state at the time. There he received a newspaper containing â€Å"A Call for Unity,† which was written by eight white Alabama clergymen criticizing King and his movement’s methods; this prompted King to write a letter in response to the criticsRead MoreMlk Rhetorical Analysis Essay example1178 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis on Martin Luther King Junior’s Letter from Birmingham Jail In Martin Luther King Junior’s Letter from Birmingham Jail, MLK uses ethos, logos, and pathos powerfully and effectively to present his argument that the discrimination of African Americans all over the country is unbearable and should be outlawed forever. King wrote the letter in Birmingham, Alabama after a peaceful protest against segregation which was King’s way of reinforcing his belief that without forceful, directRead MoreEdwards : Not The King Of Emotion?1433 Words   |  6 PagesEdwards: Not the King of Emotion? To determine how effective a piece is, one must look to the effect on the audience. Effectiveness is not only how convincing the argument is, but also the longevity of that effect. In terms of influence, both the sermon â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God† by Jonathan Edwards and â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail† by Martin Luther King Jr. contributed to major religious and political movements of their times. Jonathan Edwards, a well-educated and respected Puritan preacherRead MoreAn Analysis of Martin Luther King Jrs Letter from Birmingham Jail776 Words   |  3 PagesEssay analysis Letter from Birmingham Jail by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr (African Studies Center, 2013). :Letter from Birmingham Jail is a powerful piece of writing that graces the writings by Martin Luther. Part of the power lies in the use of rhetorical devices such as ethos, logos, and pathos in the letter. Luther used these stylistic devices and literary approaches to express his message, intention and express the mood of the letter making a masterpiece like no other letters before. Read More Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.s Letter From a Birmingham Jail Essays1088 Words   |  5 PagesDr. Martin Luther King Jr.s â€Å"Letter From a Birmingham Jail† In King’s essay, â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail†, King brilliantly employs the use of several rhetorical strategies that are pivotal in successfully influencing critics of his philosophical views on civil disobedience. King’s eloquent appeal to the logical, emotional, and most notably, moral and spiritual side of his audience, serves to make â€Å"Letter From Birmingham Jail† one of the most moving and persuasive literary pieces of the 20thRead Moreâ€Å"Letters from a Birmingham Jail† Analysis of the Rhetorical Appeals1182 Words   |  5 Pagesemotion in the audience that compels them to leap out of their seats and take action. Martin Luther King Jr. attempted to do this when he wrote an open letter while in his jail cell after a peaceful debate against segregation. His lettered response was guided at a statement by eight white Alabama clergymen saying that segregation should be fought in court and not on the streets. King uses a combination o f three rhetorical appeals to accomplish his rhetor; ethical, logical and emotional. The three appeals

Earned Value for The Project

Question: Write an essay onEarned value for the project using the 50-50 Rule. Answer: 1. Earned value for the project using the 50-50 Rule The Earned value of a project is the total budgeted costs of the activities involved in the project (Vanhoucke 2013). Budget Begun? Complete? Actual cost Task A $3,100.00 Yes Yes $ 3,100.00 Task B $4,000.00 Yes Yes $ 4,500.00 Task C $2,500.00 Yes Yes $ 2,250.00 Task D $4,000.00 Yes No $ 3,500.00 Task E $3,500.00 Yes Yes $ 4,000.00 Task F $2,500.00 No No $ - Assumptions of 50-50 method for calculating the Earned Value: EV is 0 before the start of an activity EV is 50% of total activity budget after an activity is started EV is 100% of the budget if the tasks is completed (Gupta 2014) 50-50 method Task A $ 3,100.00 Task B $ 4,000.00 Task C $ 2,500.00 Task D $ 2,000.00 Task E $ 3,500.00 Task F $ - Earned Value of the project $ 15,100.00 2. Earned value for the project using the 0-100 Rule Budget Begun? Complete? Actual cost Task A $3,100.00 Yes Yes $ 3,100.00 Task B $4,000.00 Yes Yes $ 4,500.00 Task C $2,500.00 Yes Yes $ 2,250.00 Task D $4,000.00 Yes No $ 3,500.00 Task E $3,500.00 Yes Yes $ 4,000.00 Task F $2,500.00 No No $ - Assumptions of 0-100 method for calculating the Earned Value: EV is 0 before the start of an activity EV is 0 if an activity is not completed EV is 100% of the budget if the task is completed (Gupta 2014) 0-100 method Task A $ 3,100.00 Task B $ 4,000.00 Task C $ 2,500.00 Task D $ - Task E $ 3,500.00 Task F $ - Earned Value of the project $ 13,100.00 3. Discrepancy of earned value figures when using the 50-50 Rule and 0-100 Rule 50-50 method 0-100 method Task A $ 3,100.00 $ 3,100.00 Task B $ 4,000.00 $ 4,000.00 Task C $ 2,500.00 $ 2,500.00 Task D $ 2,000.00 $ - Task E $ 3,500.00 $ 3,500.00 Task F $ - $ - Earned Value of the project $ 15,100.00 $ 13,100.00 The earned value of a project helps in determining the quantity of tasks being completed to date and the amount of cost having spent for the amount of work (Vanhoucke 2013). From the analysis of the information of the earned values of the project, it can be evident that there is a discrepancy in the values as estimated using two different methods. In comparison with the results obtained by utilizing the two estimation methods, the earned value as calculated using the 50-50 method shows more accurate results. The reason is due to the fact that the 0-100 method does not take any information from the project budget until a particular activity is completed. In other words, the 0-100 method declares the Earned Value of the project to be $ 0 until the entire task is completed. However, the 50-50 method takes 50% of the activity to be completed even after a particular activity has just started. Thus, in comparison, the 50-50 method helps in providing a closer approximation in reality than the 0-100 method. The main reason is that the 50-50 method declares the earned value of a particular activity to be greater than $ 0 while it is under progress. 4. Schedule Variance (SV) for the project as reported using the 50-50 Rule Scheduled Variance of a project = =Earned value - Planned value Planned Value = Total budget costs for the tasks completed so far Budget Begun? Complete? Actual cost Task A $3,100.00 Yes Yes $ 3,100.00 Task B $4,000.00 Yes Yes $ 4,500.00 Task C $2,500.00 Yes Yes $ 2,250.00 Task D $4,000.00 Yes No $ 3,500.00 Task E $3,500.00 Yes Yes $ 4,000.00 Task F $2,500.00 No No $ - Earned value of the project $ 15,100 Planned value $ 13,100 Planned value, PV = $ 13,100 Earned value, EV (using 50-50 method) = $ 15,100 Thus, Schedule Variance, SV = EV-PV= $ 2000 A positive SV represents that the project is ahead of the schedule (Tom and Paul 2013) 5. Schedule Performance Index (SPI) Scheduled Performance Index= =Earned value /Planned value Budget Begun? Complete? Actual cost Task A $3,100.00 Yes Yes $ 3,100.00 Task B $4,000.00 Yes Yes $ 4,500.00 Task C $2,500.00 Yes Yes $ 2,250.00 Task D $4,000.00 Yes No $ 3,500.00 Task E $3,500.00 Yes Yes $ 4,000.00 Task F $2,500.00 No No $ - Earned value of the project $ 15,100 Planned value $ 13,100 Planned value, PV = $ 13,100 Earned value, EV (using 50-50 method) = $ 15,100 Thus, SPI = ($ 15,100/ $13,100) = 1.15 A positive SPI represents that the project is ahead of the schedule i.e., i.e., the project has achieved more than what is expected (Lipke 2013) 6. Cost Variance (CV) for the project as reported using the 50-50 Rule Budget Begun? Complete? Actual cost Earned Value (using 50-50 rule Task A $3,100.00 Yes Yes $ 3,100.00 $3,100.00 Task B $4,000.00 Yes Yes $ 4,500.00 $4,000.00 Task C $2,500.00 Yes Yes $ 2,250.00 $2,500.00 Task D $4,000.00 Yes No $ 3,500.00 $2,000.00 Task E $3,500.00 Yes Yes $ 4,000.00 $3,500.00 Task F $2,500.00 No No $ - $ - Earned value of the project $ 15,100 Actual cost $ 18,100.00 Cost Variance = Earned value Actual cost Actual cost =Total expenditure for the work so far = $ 18,100.00 Thus, Cost Variance, CV for the project = $ 15,100- $ 18,100= (-$ 3,000) A negative CV represents that the project is over budget (Lipke 2013) 7. Cost Performance Index (CPI) Cost Performance Index = =Earned value / Actual cost Budget Begun? Complete? Actual cost Earned Value (using 50-50 rule Task A $3,100.00 Yes Yes $ 3,100.00 $3,100.00 Task B $4,000.00 Yes Yes $ 4,500.00 $4,000.00 Task C $2,500.00 Yes Yes $ 2,250.00 $2,500.00 Task D $4,000.00 Yes No $ 3,500.00 $2,000.00 Task E $3,500.00 Yes Yes $ 4,000.00 $3,500.00 Task F $2,500.00 No No $ - $ - Earned value of the project $ 15,100 Actual cost $ 18,100.00 Thus, Cost Performance Index (CPI) for the project= ($15,100/ $ 18,100) = 0.83 A CPI having value 8. CPI to compute estimate at complete (EAC) Estimate at Time or, EAC is a way for projecting the planned cost at the completion of the project based on the current data. It shows the variance in the actual final cost and the planned final cost (Caron, Ruggeri and Merli 2013). EAC= BAC/ CPI (BAC is the total Budget at Completion) Total budget for the project, (BAC) = $50,000 Thus, EAC for the project = ($50,000/ 0.83) = $ 59,933.77 9. Report on the progress of the project From the earned value information as estimated for the project, it can be evident that the earned value for the project is less than what is expected from the same. This has been due to the fact than the tasks involved in the project are not properly scheduled. Moreover, the actual value of the work being completed in the project is behind its planned value. Moreover, the total tasks being completed in the project is not matching with the total budget of the tasks being estimated. Summary of the calculations being estimated Earned value = $ 15,100 (using 50-50 method) = $ 13,100 (using 0-100 method) Schedule Variance, SV = $ 2000 Schedule Performance Index, SPI = 1.15 Cost Variance, CV = - ($ 3,000) Cost Performance Index, CPI = 0.83 Estimate at Completion, EAC = $ 59,933.77 Future projection From the estimated information about the Schedule Variance (SV) and the Schedule Performance Index (SPI), it can be evident that the project has been ahead of the actual scheduled time and the project has been achieving more than what is expected from the same. However, the information about the Cost Variance (CV) and the Cost Performance Index (CPI) shows that the project has been running on over budget and has been varying in the actual final cost than what is planned final cost for the project. This can be evident from the EAC value for the project. Thus, the managers are required to provide a check on the expenses and reschedule the budget such that extra expenses could be saved. The managers are also required to reschedule the timeline for the project such that to ensure the running of the project within the estimated timeline and budget. References Caron, F., Ruggeri, F. and Merli, A., 2013. A Bayesian approach to improve estimate at completion in earned value management. Project Management Journal, 44(1), pp.3-16. Gupta, R., 2014. Earned Value Management System. International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology, 2(4), pp.160-165. Lipke, W., 2013. Earned ScheduleTen Years After. The Measurable News (3), pp.15-21. Tom, A.F. and Paul, S., 2013. Project monitoring and control using primavera. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2(3), pp.762-771. Vanhoucke, M., 2013. The impact of project schedule adherence and rework on the duration forecast accuracy of earned value metrics. Project management: practices, challenges and developments, pp.95-131.

Music as a Mirror of its Time free essay sample

We begin with the Middle Ages, the erred of time between DADA and ADDED, which is further divided by the Dark Ages, roughly between DADA and 10TH and the High Middle Ages between 10TH and 1400 AD. The Dark Ages was a time when all progress and technology developed during the classical Greek and Roman periods was lost. Europe was isolated from the outside world. The Church was all- powerful and the role of music was centered it. The music during the Dark Ages was monophonic in texture consisting of a single melody without any accompanying harmony. Music was simply used as a tool religious ceremony and not a form of expression.The most common music of the age was plainsong or plainchant, which consisted of a single unaccompanied vocal melody. Plainchant was usually composed anonymously and for the Church. The High Middle Ages was marked by the re-introduction of techniques and technologies included improvements in farming and agriculture and well as a marked improvement in public safety. We will write a custom essay sample on Music as a Mirror of its Time or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The result was increased trade and the establishment and growth of cities. The music of this period while still influenced by the Church, developed and evolved into Polyphonic texture consisting of two or more principle melodies heard simultaneously.As this music grew in complexity, it had to be written and thus started the development of musical notation and the concept of the composer. An example of an early polyphonic work is the Alleluia Paschal Nostrum by Leonine, composed around ADDED. The work is considered in the style of Florid Organ. An Organ combined plainchant with the voices of man. This music was a mirror of its time marking the importance and the influence of the Church in everyday life as well as celebrating the rediscovery of knowledge that was lost during the dark ages. The Renaissance saw a emergence of European culture during the period from ADDED to ADDED.Inspired by the classical ages of Greece and Rome, the period was marked by world exploration and conquests, new technologies such as the printing press as well the decline of the absolute power of the Church. The music stressed clear articulation of the words by using Word painting to intensify the meaning of the words. The musical texture was homophobic and included a melody, bass line and inner voices. While this period saw the emergence of secular music as well as a decline in the influence of the Church, religion was till a major inspiration for music.Religious works of the Renaissance period included Giovanni Palestinians pope Marcella Mass, Gangs Die from 1555. Secular works of the time included is Thomas Wilkes madrigal, As Vests was from L atoms Hill Descending from 1601. Music of the renaissance reflected the times by balancing secular and religious importance while celebrating the reawakening of the arts and discovery of the larger world. The Baroque Era, spanning the years from ADDED to ADDED was marked by great discoveries in science, architecture, literature and philosophy as well as further decreases n the power of the church and increased colonization.Baroque music brought forth a duality of elements that stood in tension, that is, the music was highly stylized and extravagant while based in carefully controlled and tempered rhythms. The music mirrored the times, as this duality theme was evident throughout all art and design of the period, ornate and detailed yet rational and orderly. The quintessential composer of Baroque music Johann Sebastian Bach with compositions representing both secular and religious themes such as the Brandenburg Concerto #2 in F Major Of 1 721 and Mass in B Minor, Sanctum Hosanna 1745.These works conveyed energetic rhythms with a dance like qualities with a melody full of embellishment and detail. The Classical Era, spanned the dates from 1750 to 1827, and was a musical style that was born out of The Enlightenment. The Enlightenment, (1730-1780) was a period in history when the aristocracy and clergys influences in society diminish as the new middle class grew from the emergence of the Industrial Revolution. The emergence of the middle class into a position of power had a profound influence on the times as they sought to be educated and wanted n end to social injustice.Musically the Cl assical Era began a shift from complex polyphonic melodies of the Baroque to a more natural musical expression. This is illustrated by Ludwig von Beethovens Piano Sonata in C Minor of 1 799 a homophobic work which focuses on the principal voice. Other differences between Baroque and Classical music include Classical linear nature and the use of graded dynamics (volume) to achieve a voice like quality while Baroque cyclical mature and the relatively fixed dynamics. In addition, music of the Classical Era tended to use musical punctuation points r cadence signifying pauses or endings to a section or piece of music.Cadences focus listeners attention to musical phrase endings and beginnings in an entirely new way. The classical style, where national influences were blended, was perfect for the tastes of this middle class and a mirror of the times. The middle class became the conspicuous consumers of music and their tastes demanded music that was accessible, entertaining and tuneful. The middle class considered the music of the High Baroque as overly complicated and unapproachable and the Opera as being snobbish. The Symphony was a major medium for classical music.A symphony is a multi- movement instrumental musical work composed for orchestra and designed to express and explore a range of moods. The Symphony ability to give the listener a total mind and body experience suited the middle class perfectly and arguably created the most enduring musical form to date. Franz Joseph Haydn (1 732 -1809. ) was an Austrian composer and one of the most prolific and representative figures in the Classical Era. He is often called the Father of the Symphony for his contributions to the musical forms of the Viennese Classical Style as well as for composing 104 Symphonies.Hoydens works stayed true to the musical formula developed during the classical era. While Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 ? 1827) lived and composed squarely in the Classical period, he was revolutionary and unique and did not consider himself relegated to the strict rules of composition particularly with his symphonic works. Beethoven came of age during a time of great social change beginning with the French Revolution, a social upheaval in the most powerful and influential country in Europe. Beethoven changed the music of the times with innovations that not only made his music very different but sheered in the Romantic Era of music.Amount these innovations, the pursuit Of Originality was clearly a driving force and more than likely, the reason his symphonic works (9) were not as prolific as those of Hayden. Looking beyond the quantity, Beethovens works were each very original, and influenced changes in compositional style. The Opera also came of age during the Classical era. An opera is a stage play that is set to music and combines continuous music, literary drama an d lavish scenery with live action. All those elements combine to create a work where the whole is greater than the sum f its parts.Opera used musical techniques such as Recitatives, used for narration where words carry the essential expressive messages and Aria, lengthy substantial and complex vocal music where the essential character and dramatic information is transmitted through the music itself. The popularity of the opera and the profit potential saw and explosion of opera venues but also saw quality being pushed aside in favor of quantity. During beginning of the 1 8th century, the Venetian opera and much of the compositions were written to the lowest common denominator.Opera experienced several changes and refinements reflecting changes in history and philosophy including Opera Serial or Serious Opera, which presented a conflict of human passion in an action based on some story from ancient Greek or Latin author. Opera Buff, attempted to redesign opera to be more flexible and natural. The music was lively and catchy, was written with no particular formula in mind and had a small portable cast. This operatic genre portrayed real people in real life signing natural music and mirrored the times by reflecting the humanistic spirit of the Enlightenment.In the Classical era, he operas of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1 756 1791) were considered the pinnacle of the art form and Mozart added innovation with the Operatic Ensemble or group singing. The Marriage of Figaro (1786), Don Giovanni (1787), The Magic Flute (1791), are some of Mozart classical era operatic masterworks. The Romantic Period, (1 827 to 1900) marked by an intensification of musical expression and loosening of the musical rules developed during the Classical era, but was not considered a true era, as it did not represent a musical break in the form and syntax that was developed in the Classical era.During the Romantic era, music was considered the ultimate art form because is could express emotions and concepts far deeper that and words could. Romantic era art, literature and music mirrored the times and society fas cination with extreme emotional states, Folkloric Nationalism, a fascination with the wilder aspects of nature and a fascination with the macabre, gothic and the supernatural. The composers of the Romantic era, while using the classical forms, used longer melodies, complex harmonies and larger bigger orchestras and modern instruments to expand their expressive contents. The most representative composers of the Romantic period were Frederic Chopin (1 810 ? 1849), Franz List (1 811 1886) and Richard Wagner (1 813 1883) The instrumental music of the Romantic period day included compositions with extra musical content designed to tell stories and is referred to as Program Music. An early example Of Program music is the 4th movement of Beethovens 6th Symphony (Strum). The music explicitly evokes a musical image of a summer storm including raindrops, a deluge and the feelings of being caught in the storm.This was quite different that the music of the Classical which rather than tell a specific story, was instead composed to evoke specific feelings or moods. In response to the times, specifically, the increase discord in Europe around 1848, spawned by citizens wanting an end to monarchies and social injustices and the installation of constitutional and representative governments, music saw the emergence of nationalism. Folkloric Nationalism was an incorp oration of a countrys folk music into concert works and operas.Chopping incorporation of polish nationalist folk songs and themes into his compositions is an example of Folkloric Nationalism as is Franz Lists 19 Hungarian Rhapsodies, which ere Gypsy music inspired works. Russian Nationalism grew out of the defeat of Napoleon and the Dismembers Revolution of 1825. Music of and after that period tended to be infused with Russian folk songs and stories. As the Russian musical tradition grew, the writings of Alexander Servicing Pushpin were popular subjects to Russian Operas and musical works.Furthering the concept of music as a mirror of its time, the nineteenth century was a period of incredible intellectual, technological and scientific development. Modern civilizations ability to move and communicate more rapidly made the world row smaller and compressed time itself, necessitating changes in musical phrasing and structure in order for composers to continue to strive to remain relevant and express themselves. Twentieth century modernism began with the compositions Of Claude Debussy (1 862 to 1918).Debussy was influenced by the French languages blurred edges and infinite nuance. Debussy music was not about the literal recreation of a subject but instead impressions of how the he perceived the subject. The composition Engages from the Three Nocturnes is an example of this musical impressionism. Debussy elevated timbre, or the sound qualities of the individual instruments to a level equal to pitch, rhythm and harmony. Igor Stravinsky (1882 to 1971) created the most important works of the twentieth century.His most influential contribution was that of asymmetric meter or a grouping of beats from one unit to the next are in an Irregular pattern, a quality taken from Russian folk music as well as the Russian language itself. What Debussy contributed to music with the focus on timbre, Stravinsky did with the use of asymmetrical rhythms. The Composer that if found most intriguing and attracted to in this course is Ludwig van Beethoven. Beethoven is one of the great disruptive forces in western music and seems to defy convention and is hard to categorize.While he composed in the Classical Era, he bent and reshaped musical form to suit his expressive needs, while he was revolutionary and influential, he didnt influence a true musical break or spawned any movement or imitators. He was clearly influenced and shaped by a dysfunctional upbringing and physical and health problems but those troubles seem to create the necessary tension that made his music, autobiographical, self referential and unique.