Earned Value for The Project

Question: Write an essay onEarned value for the project using the 50-50 Rule. Answer: 1. Earned value for the project using the 50-50 Rule The Earned value of a project is the total budgeted costs of the activities involved in the project (Vanhoucke 2013). Budget Begun? Complete? Actual cost Task A $3,100.00 Yes Yes $ 3,100.00 Task B $4,000.00 Yes Yes $ 4,500.00 Task C $2,500.00 Yes Yes $ 2,250.00 Task D $4,000.00 Yes No $ 3,500.00 Task E $3,500.00 Yes Yes $ 4,000.00 Task F $2,500.00 No No $ - Assumptions of 50-50 method for calculating the Earned Value: EV is 0 before the start of an activity EV is 50% of total activity budget after an activity is started EV is 100% of the budget if the tasks is completed (Gupta 2014) 50-50 method Task A $ 3,100.00 Task B $ 4,000.00 Task C $ 2,500.00 Task D $ 2,000.00 Task E $ 3,500.00 Task F $ - Earned Value of the project $ 15,100.00 2. Earned value for the project using the 0-100 Rule Budget Begun? Complete? Actual cost Task A $3,100.00 Yes Yes $ 3,100.00 Task B $4,000.00 Yes Yes $ 4,500.00 Task C $2,500.00 Yes Yes $ 2,250.00 Task D $4,000.00 Yes No $ 3,500.00 Task E $3,500.00 Yes Yes $ 4,000.00 Task F $2,500.00 No No $ - Assumptions of 0-100 method for calculating the Earned Value: EV is 0 before the start of an activity EV is 0 if an activity is not completed EV is 100% of the budget if the task is completed (Gupta 2014) 0-100 method Task A $ 3,100.00 Task B $ 4,000.00 Task C $ 2,500.00 Task D $ - Task E $ 3,500.00 Task F $ - Earned Value of the project $ 13,100.00 3. Discrepancy of earned value figures when using the 50-50 Rule and 0-100 Rule 50-50 method 0-100 method Task A $ 3,100.00 $ 3,100.00 Task B $ 4,000.00 $ 4,000.00 Task C $ 2,500.00 $ 2,500.00 Task D $ 2,000.00 $ - Task E $ 3,500.00 $ 3,500.00 Task F $ - $ - Earned Value of the project $ 15,100.00 $ 13,100.00 The earned value of a project helps in determining the quantity of tasks being completed to date and the amount of cost having spent for the amount of work (Vanhoucke 2013). From the analysis of the information of the earned values of the project, it can be evident that there is a discrepancy in the values as estimated using two different methods. In comparison with the results obtained by utilizing the two estimation methods, the earned value as calculated using the 50-50 method shows more accurate results. The reason is due to the fact that the 0-100 method does not take any information from the project budget until a particular activity is completed. In other words, the 0-100 method declares the Earned Value of the project to be $ 0 until the entire task is completed. However, the 50-50 method takes 50% of the activity to be completed even after a particular activity has just started. Thus, in comparison, the 50-50 method helps in providing a closer approximation in reality than the 0-100 method. The main reason is that the 50-50 method declares the earned value of a particular activity to be greater than $ 0 while it is under progress. 4. Schedule Variance (SV) for the project as reported using the 50-50 Rule Scheduled Variance of a project = =Earned value - Planned value Planned Value = Total budget costs for the tasks completed so far Budget Begun? Complete? Actual cost Task A $3,100.00 Yes Yes $ 3,100.00 Task B $4,000.00 Yes Yes $ 4,500.00 Task C $2,500.00 Yes Yes $ 2,250.00 Task D $4,000.00 Yes No $ 3,500.00 Task E $3,500.00 Yes Yes $ 4,000.00 Task F $2,500.00 No No $ - Earned value of the project $ 15,100 Planned value $ 13,100 Planned value, PV = $ 13,100 Earned value, EV (using 50-50 method) = $ 15,100 Thus, Schedule Variance, SV = EV-PV= $ 2000 A positive SV represents that the project is ahead of the schedule (Tom and Paul 2013) 5. Schedule Performance Index (SPI) Scheduled Performance Index= =Earned value /Planned value Budget Begun? Complete? Actual cost Task A $3,100.00 Yes Yes $ 3,100.00 Task B $4,000.00 Yes Yes $ 4,500.00 Task C $2,500.00 Yes Yes $ 2,250.00 Task D $4,000.00 Yes No $ 3,500.00 Task E $3,500.00 Yes Yes $ 4,000.00 Task F $2,500.00 No No $ - Earned value of the project $ 15,100 Planned value $ 13,100 Planned value, PV = $ 13,100 Earned value, EV (using 50-50 method) = $ 15,100 Thus, SPI = ($ 15,100/ $13,100) = 1.15 A positive SPI represents that the project is ahead of the schedule i.e., i.e., the project has achieved more than what is expected (Lipke 2013) 6. Cost Variance (CV) for the project as reported using the 50-50 Rule Budget Begun? Complete? Actual cost Earned Value (using 50-50 rule Task A $3,100.00 Yes Yes $ 3,100.00 $3,100.00 Task B $4,000.00 Yes Yes $ 4,500.00 $4,000.00 Task C $2,500.00 Yes Yes $ 2,250.00 $2,500.00 Task D $4,000.00 Yes No $ 3,500.00 $2,000.00 Task E $3,500.00 Yes Yes $ 4,000.00 $3,500.00 Task F $2,500.00 No No $ - $ - Earned value of the project $ 15,100 Actual cost $ 18,100.00 Cost Variance = Earned value Actual cost Actual cost =Total expenditure for the work so far = $ 18,100.00 Thus, Cost Variance, CV for the project = $ 15,100- $ 18,100= (-$ 3,000) A negative CV represents that the project is over budget (Lipke 2013) 7. Cost Performance Index (CPI) Cost Performance Index = =Earned value / Actual cost Budget Begun? Complete? Actual cost Earned Value (using 50-50 rule Task A $3,100.00 Yes Yes $ 3,100.00 $3,100.00 Task B $4,000.00 Yes Yes $ 4,500.00 $4,000.00 Task C $2,500.00 Yes Yes $ 2,250.00 $2,500.00 Task D $4,000.00 Yes No $ 3,500.00 $2,000.00 Task E $3,500.00 Yes Yes $ 4,000.00 $3,500.00 Task F $2,500.00 No No $ - $ - Earned value of the project $ 15,100 Actual cost $ 18,100.00 Thus, Cost Performance Index (CPI) for the project= ($15,100/ $ 18,100) = 0.83 A CPI having value 8. CPI to compute estimate at complete (EAC) Estimate at Time or, EAC is a way for projecting the planned cost at the completion of the project based on the current data. It shows the variance in the actual final cost and the planned final cost (Caron, Ruggeri and Merli 2013). EAC= BAC/ CPI (BAC is the total Budget at Completion) Total budget for the project, (BAC) = $50,000 Thus, EAC for the project = ($50,000/ 0.83) = $ 59,933.77 9. Report on the progress of the project From the earned value information as estimated for the project, it can be evident that the earned value for the project is less than what is expected from the same. This has been due to the fact than the tasks involved in the project are not properly scheduled. Moreover, the actual value of the work being completed in the project is behind its planned value. Moreover, the total tasks being completed in the project is not matching with the total budget of the tasks being estimated. Summary of the calculations being estimated Earned value = $ 15,100 (using 50-50 method) = $ 13,100 (using 0-100 method) Schedule Variance, SV = $ 2000 Schedule Performance Index, SPI = 1.15 Cost Variance, CV = - ($ 3,000) Cost Performance Index, CPI = 0.83 Estimate at Completion, EAC = $ 59,933.77 Future projection From the estimated information about the Schedule Variance (SV) and the Schedule Performance Index (SPI), it can be evident that the project has been ahead of the actual scheduled time and the project has been achieving more than what is expected from the same. However, the information about the Cost Variance (CV) and the Cost Performance Index (CPI) shows that the project has been running on over budget and has been varying in the actual final cost than what is planned final cost for the project. This can be evident from the EAC value for the project. Thus, the managers are required to provide a check on the expenses and reschedule the budget such that extra expenses could be saved. The managers are also required to reschedule the timeline for the project such that to ensure the running of the project within the estimated timeline and budget. References Caron, F., Ruggeri, F. and Merli, A., 2013. A Bayesian approach to improve estimate at completion in earned value management. Project Management Journal, 44(1), pp.3-16. Gupta, R., 2014. Earned Value Management System. International Journal of Emerging Engineering Research and Technology, 2(4), pp.160-165. Lipke, W., 2013. Earned ScheduleTen Years After. The Measurable News (3), pp.15-21. Tom, A.F. and Paul, S., 2013. Project monitoring and control using primavera. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2(3), pp.762-771. Vanhoucke, M., 2013. The impact of project schedule adherence and rework on the duration forecast accuracy of earned value metrics. Project management: practices, challenges and developments, pp.95-131.

Music as a Mirror of its Time free essay sample

We begin with the Middle Ages, the erred of time between DADA and ADDED, which is further divided by the Dark Ages, roughly between DADA and 10TH and the High Middle Ages between 10TH and 1400 AD. The Dark Ages was a time when all progress and technology developed during the classical Greek and Roman periods was lost. Europe was isolated from the outside world. The Church was all- powerful and the role of music was centered it. The music during the Dark Ages was monophonic in texture consisting of a single melody without any accompanying harmony. Music was simply used as a tool religious ceremony and not a form of expression.The most common music of the age was plainsong or plainchant, which consisted of a single unaccompanied vocal melody. Plainchant was usually composed anonymously and for the Church. The High Middle Ages was marked by the re-introduction of techniques and technologies included improvements in farming and agriculture and well as a marked improvement in public safety. We will write a custom essay sample on Music as a Mirror of its Time or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The result was increased trade and the establishment and growth of cities. The music of this period while still influenced by the Church, developed and evolved into Polyphonic texture consisting of two or more principle melodies heard simultaneously.As this music grew in complexity, it had to be written and thus started the development of musical notation and the concept of the composer. An example of an early polyphonic work is the Alleluia Paschal Nostrum by Leonine, composed around ADDED. The work is considered in the style of Florid Organ. An Organ combined plainchant with the voices of man. This music was a mirror of its time marking the importance and the influence of the Church in everyday life as well as celebrating the rediscovery of knowledge that was lost during the dark ages. The Renaissance saw a emergence of European culture during the period from ADDED to ADDED.Inspired by the classical ages of Greece and Rome, the period was marked by world exploration and conquests, new technologies such as the printing press as well the decline of the absolute power of the Church. The music stressed clear articulation of the words by using Word painting to intensify the meaning of the words. The musical texture was homophobic and included a melody, bass line and inner voices. While this period saw the emergence of secular music as well as a decline in the influence of the Church, religion was till a major inspiration for music.Religious works of the Renaissance period included Giovanni Palestinians pope Marcella Mass, Gangs Die from 1555. Secular works of the time included is Thomas Wilkes madrigal, As Vests was from L atoms Hill Descending from 1601. Music of the renaissance reflected the times by balancing secular and religious importance while celebrating the reawakening of the arts and discovery of the larger world. The Baroque Era, spanning the years from ADDED to ADDED was marked by great discoveries in science, architecture, literature and philosophy as well as further decreases n the power of the church and increased colonization.Baroque music brought forth a duality of elements that stood in tension, that is, the music was highly stylized and extravagant while based in carefully controlled and tempered rhythms. The music mirrored the times, as this duality theme was evident throughout all art and design of the period, ornate and detailed yet rational and orderly. The quintessential composer of Baroque music Johann Sebastian Bach with compositions representing both secular and religious themes such as the Brandenburg Concerto #2 in F Major Of 1 721 and Mass in B Minor, Sanctum Hosanna 1745.These works conveyed energetic rhythms with a dance like qualities with a melody full of embellishment and detail. The Classical Era, spanned the dates from 1750 to 1827, and was a musical style that was born out of The Enlightenment. The Enlightenment, (1730-1780) was a period in history when the aristocracy and clergys influences in society diminish as the new middle class grew from the emergence of the Industrial Revolution. The emergence of the middle class into a position of power had a profound influence on the times as they sought to be educated and wanted n end to social injustice.Musically the Cl assical Era began a shift from complex polyphonic melodies of the Baroque to a more natural musical expression. This is illustrated by Ludwig von Beethovens Piano Sonata in C Minor of 1 799 a homophobic work which focuses on the principal voice. Other differences between Baroque and Classical music include Classical linear nature and the use of graded dynamics (volume) to achieve a voice like quality while Baroque cyclical mature and the relatively fixed dynamics. In addition, music of the Classical Era tended to use musical punctuation points r cadence signifying pauses or endings to a section or piece of music.Cadences focus listeners attention to musical phrase endings and beginnings in an entirely new way. The classical style, where national influences were blended, was perfect for the tastes of this middle class and a mirror of the times. The middle class became the conspicuous consumers of music and their tastes demanded music that was accessible, entertaining and tuneful. The middle class considered the music of the High Baroque as overly complicated and unapproachable and the Opera as being snobbish. The Symphony was a major medium for classical music.A symphony is a multi- movement instrumental musical work composed for orchestra and designed to express and explore a range of moods. The Symphony ability to give the listener a total mind and body experience suited the middle class perfectly and arguably created the most enduring musical form to date. Franz Joseph Haydn (1 732 -1809. ) was an Austrian composer and one of the most prolific and representative figures in the Classical Era. He is often called the Father of the Symphony for his contributions to the musical forms of the Viennese Classical Style as well as for composing 104 Symphonies.Hoydens works stayed true to the musical formula developed during the classical era. While Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 ? 1827) lived and composed squarely in the Classical period, he was revolutionary and unique and did not consider himself relegated to the strict rules of composition particularly with his symphonic works. Beethoven came of age during a time of great social change beginning with the French Revolution, a social upheaval in the most powerful and influential country in Europe. Beethoven changed the music of the times with innovations that not only made his music very different but sheered in the Romantic Era of music.Amount these innovations, the pursuit Of Originality was clearly a driving force and more than likely, the reason his symphonic works (9) were not as prolific as those of Hayden. Looking beyond the quantity, Beethovens works were each very original, and influenced changes in compositional style. The Opera also came of age during the Classical era. An opera is a stage play that is set to music and combines continuous music, literary drama an d lavish scenery with live action. All those elements combine to create a work where the whole is greater than the sum f its parts.Opera used musical techniques such as Recitatives, used for narration where words carry the essential expressive messages and Aria, lengthy substantial and complex vocal music where the essential character and dramatic information is transmitted through the music itself. The popularity of the opera and the profit potential saw and explosion of opera venues but also saw quality being pushed aside in favor of quantity. During beginning of the 1 8th century, the Venetian opera and much of the compositions were written to the lowest common denominator.Opera experienced several changes and refinements reflecting changes in history and philosophy including Opera Serial or Serious Opera, which presented a conflict of human passion in an action based on some story from ancient Greek or Latin author. Opera Buff, attempted to redesign opera to be more flexible and natural. The music was lively and catchy, was written with no particular formula in mind and had a small portable cast. This operatic genre portrayed real people in real life signing natural music and mirrored the times by reflecting the humanistic spirit of the Enlightenment.In the Classical era, he operas of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1 756 1791) were considered the pinnacle of the art form and Mozart added innovation with the Operatic Ensemble or group singing. The Marriage of Figaro (1786), Don Giovanni (1787), The Magic Flute (1791), are some of Mozart classical era operatic masterworks. The Romantic Period, (1 827 to 1900) marked by an intensification of musical expression and loosening of the musical rules developed during the Classical era, but was not considered a true era, as it did not represent a musical break in the form and syntax that was developed in the Classical era.During the Romantic era, music was considered the ultimate art form because is could express emotions and concepts far deeper that and words could. Romantic era art, literature and music mirrored the times and society fas cination with extreme emotional states, Folkloric Nationalism, a fascination with the wilder aspects of nature and a fascination with the macabre, gothic and the supernatural. The composers of the Romantic era, while using the classical forms, used longer melodies, complex harmonies and larger bigger orchestras and modern instruments to expand their expressive contents. The most representative composers of the Romantic period were Frederic Chopin (1 810 ? 1849), Franz List (1 811 1886) and Richard Wagner (1 813 1883) The instrumental music of the Romantic period day included compositions with extra musical content designed to tell stories and is referred to as Program Music. An early example Of Program music is the 4th movement of Beethovens 6th Symphony (Strum). The music explicitly evokes a musical image of a summer storm including raindrops, a deluge and the feelings of being caught in the storm.This was quite different that the music of the Classical which rather than tell a specific story, was instead composed to evoke specific feelings or moods. In response to the times, specifically, the increase discord in Europe around 1848, spawned by citizens wanting an end to monarchies and social injustices and the installation of constitutional and representative governments, music saw the emergence of nationalism. Folkloric Nationalism was an incorp oration of a countrys folk music into concert works and operas.Chopping incorporation of polish nationalist folk songs and themes into his compositions is an example of Folkloric Nationalism as is Franz Lists 19 Hungarian Rhapsodies, which ere Gypsy music inspired works. Russian Nationalism grew out of the defeat of Napoleon and the Dismembers Revolution of 1825. Music of and after that period tended to be infused with Russian folk songs and stories. As the Russian musical tradition grew, the writings of Alexander Servicing Pushpin were popular subjects to Russian Operas and musical works.Furthering the concept of music as a mirror of its time, the nineteenth century was a period of incredible intellectual, technological and scientific development. Modern civilizations ability to move and communicate more rapidly made the world row smaller and compressed time itself, necessitating changes in musical phrasing and structure in order for composers to continue to strive to remain relevant and express themselves. Twentieth century modernism began with the compositions Of Claude Debussy (1 862 to 1918).Debussy was influenced by the French languages blurred edges and infinite nuance. Debussy music was not about the literal recreation of a subject but instead impressions of how the he perceived the subject. The composition Engages from the Three Nocturnes is an example of this musical impressionism. Debussy elevated timbre, or the sound qualities of the individual instruments to a level equal to pitch, rhythm and harmony. Igor Stravinsky (1882 to 1971) created the most important works of the twentieth century.His most influential contribution was that of asymmetric meter or a grouping of beats from one unit to the next are in an Irregular pattern, a quality taken from Russian folk music as well as the Russian language itself. What Debussy contributed to music with the focus on timbre, Stravinsky did with the use of asymmetrical rhythms. The Composer that if found most intriguing and attracted to in this course is Ludwig van Beethoven. Beethoven is one of the great disruptive forces in western music and seems to defy convention and is hard to categorize.While he composed in the Classical Era, he bent and reshaped musical form to suit his expressive needs, while he was revolutionary and influential, he didnt influence a true musical break or spawned any movement or imitators. He was clearly influenced and shaped by a dysfunctional upbringing and physical and health problems but those troubles seem to create the necessary tension that made his music, autobiographical, self referential and unique.

Sexuality In The Twentieth Century Essays - Sexual Orientation

Sexuality In The Twentieth Century James A. Dobbs 11/24/00 5. Sexuality in the Twentieth Century Humanity is a long drawn out historical process. Somebody once said only that which is without history can be defined. Sexuality is a substantial example of this. In his lecture, Professor Simon argued that sexuality in the twentieth century has been changeable. He draws many points about the variable of sexuality, and how it changes with through the years. The Professor also lectures about how generations mend, and explains how one generation can have great influence and impact on one another. Meaning that the beliefs of a prior generation can give way to expansion and growth of even more different ways of thinking. Complex and unchangeable sexuality draws from many different sources such as tradition, culture, and fantasy. One of the first points the Professor states is explaining how the body compares to sexuality. Simons states that there have been many changes in sexual behavior. He claims that the body is the constant. This is one thing that basically has remained the same over throughout history only with minor changes. Noting that the variable is the behavior of sexuality. Beliefs and attitudes have changed over the years, even more dramatically recently. Sexuality needs to be examined in how it fits in everyday life, and how it is shaped by everyday life. Different eras have proved to produce different beliefs on sexuality. The Professor tells of many examples in his lecture. Lets focus on the twentieth century. Simons states that a study was conducted in the twenties that proved that premariadal sex had almost doubled from the years before. He then went into the explaining that this was due to society and the industrial boom that was going on at this time. This in his opinion started to show a change in attitude of a nation. People started to become more open of who they were and their sexuality. Then he went to the 1950's and talks about the television shows that were on at this time, and stated that the innocents that they displayed were the expectation of the nation. He then moved into the 60's were two major things happened. People were starting to come of age, and the sexual revolution broke out. Peace and free love was everywhere. Professor Simons then moves into the 70's by telling a story of a woman who wrote a letter to Ann Landers, and ask should she let her son who is coming home with his girlfriend sleep in the same room. Landers replied to the lady by saying it is your house you should do what makes you feel comfortable. Then in the 80's Ann Landers was asked the same question, but this time gave more of a liberal answer. As shown, this rarely ever happened in the past, and shows the changing of the times. Today, if you look around you, people are more confident than ever. Women strive and often parallel men in many categories today. Some people are even willing to accept homosexuality. This leads to the future, which no one can predict. Although one could presume that nothing is impossible and one day, maybe gays will even be accepted by everyone in their beliefs Sexual behavior is vastly different from the past, yet the act it self has not changed. Sex is prevalent everywhere. On TV, in movies, ads, magazines, the extent to which sex is discussed these days is never ending. I believe even the straightest of beliefs on sexuality will be broken and broadened. One day, sex will be as common as the word food. We all need it to survive. Psychology Essays

APA Style Personal Essay Sample

APA Style Personal Essay SampleAn APA style personal essay sample is a book that tells you all about the way you write, from sentence structure and style to conventions of speech and narrative. The book will give you tips for becoming a writer.The best APA style personal essay sample is one that has been prepared for you by an English professor. In fact, most books have been prepared by an English professor or an English teacher. This book will help you become a better writer and more confident.It is important that you get a quality personal essay sample so that you do not embarrass yourself in front of your class. The essay will be your introduction to a student who is reading this book. Your boss, your friends, your classmates, your boss' friend--everyone will read your essay and it will be up to you to make sure that it is up to the expectations of your audience.The last thing you want to happen is to write an essay that you know nothing about. A good essay will be original and no t copied from someone else's work. Don't let someone else use you as a template. Get a personal essay sample to help you become a better writer.To get the APA style essay sample, you have two options. You can either get it from a college professor or you can purchase one online. Some people like to have a little more 'originality' and may prefer to buy a book instead of getting a personal essay sample. It's a personal decision.College professors, English teachers, and English professors are very experienced at writing a good essay. They have good writing skills and can help you become a better writer. Another option is to find a book on writing. It's not necessary to have written a dissertation or a college paper in order to use the book to get a good APA style personal essay sample.In addition to being an APA style personal essay sample, the book will also tell you how to write an essay, conventions of speech, what grammar rules you should follow, and what not to do. It will also t each you about punctuation and how to spell correctly. It will tell you about all of the conventions of writing and you'll be able to learn these without having to go to a class to do so. That makes it easy to do your own writing.The APA style personal essay sample is available online at the Internet Archive. You can download it to your computer and you'll be able to start writing right away. Writing is such a relaxing activity that it's well worth the investment. You'll be a better writer and you'll be comfortable using the language of the APA style essay samples.

The effect of temperature on a squash ball Essays

The effect of temperature on a squash ball Essays The effect of temperature on a squash ball Paper The effect of temperature on a squash ball Paper I did a preliminary experiment to see if my method would work and if there were any problems with the way I will conduct my experiment. Preliminary Results Temperature (i C) Distanced Bounced (Cm) 90 81 40 68 0 20 Factors affecting my experiment If I use different squash balls of different elasticity it will affect the bounciness of the ball.   If I use different surfaces for the ball to bounce on, I may get different results because different surfaces absorb energy better than others.   If the temperature increases, then in theory the bounciness should increase. This is because the atoms have more energy so theyll move faster; theyll have more kinetic energy inside the ball. This creates more pressure making the ball harder and bouncier. I increase the height I drop the ball from, the gravitational potential energy increases. The ball will have more energy so the bounciness increases. This formula shows how to work out the amount of energy the ball has at each height: Gravitational Potential Energy=Mass x Gravitational Strength (10N) x Height   The older the ball is, the less elastic it is. Obtaining Evidence i Temperature of the ball Distanced Bounced (Cm) 1st Test 2nd Test 3rd Test Mean Rounded Mean have carried out my plan and have used my equipment precisely to observe and measure the rate of reaction to a good level of accuracy. I have taken a sufficient number of accurate results and have recorded them in a table. I dont need to repeat any readings as none of them look to be anomalous. I made no changes to my plan but carried out a preliminary to make sure I wouldnt have to make any changes half way through the experiment. I made sure I was wearing safety goggles while I was heating the water with a Bunsen burner to protect my eyes. I stood up throughout the experiment to lower the risk of injury. When I took the squash ball out of the beaker I used tongs so I didnt burn my hands. Analysing Evidence. Ive plotted my results onto a line graph and a clear pattern is seen. As the temperature of the ball is increased, the distance the ball bounces is also increased. The squash ball starts to bounce higher and higher after every 10 degrees, but towards the end the distance of the ball doesnt increase as much than the first few points on the graph. This can be shown by looking at the gradient at the beginning of the graph and at the end. At the beginning, the gradient is 1. 23, towards the end the gradient is 0. 44, this shows that its decreased which means theres less difference between the results towards the end. This means that after a while the ball isnt affected as much by temperature. In my investigation I found out that temperature does affect the bounciness of the squash ball, like I said in my prediction. I thought this would happen because as the temperature increases the pressure inside also increases making the ball harder and bouncier. The pressure increases because the atoms are moving around with more force and faster because they have more energy. My results back this up. I dont have any extreme anomalies but my second point on the graph is a bit anomalous. This could be or a number of reasons due to human error. For example I might not have seen the distance the ball bounced correctly, or I might have dropped the ball a little bit lower than the other times. Evaluation The evidence I obtained was good for the simplicity of my investigation. I think the way in which my investigation was carried out was effective but could have been more accurate. For example, I carried out all of it. If I used machines or computers it would have been a lot more accurate. If I had the equipment to this I would have a machine drop the squash ball from an exact point and use either or video camera or light motion sensor to get the exact measurement of the bounce. This would be a lot more accurate than my own eyesight. But saying that, my results were very accurate without machines and I can see this by how Ive plotted them on the graph. They were easily accurate enough to make a firm conclusion on that increasing the temperature increases the bounciness of the ball. There werent any results that didnt fit into the main pattern. I think this is because I took great care while carrying out the experiment. There are many other experiments I could do to extend the work Ive done. For example I could look at all the other factors that affect the bounciness which I mentioned in my plan. I think an interesting one would be to change the material the ball lands on, to see which material absorbs the most energy.

H.W 4 GSC125-01 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

H.W 4 GSC125-01 - Essay Example Answer: According to the second law of thermodynamics, heat flows in response to a temperature gradient. Heat flows from a high-temperature region toward low-temperature region to remove the existing gradient. Heat is transferred by the processes of conduction, convection, radiation and latent heating (phase transition of water). Answer: On a global annual average basis, radiational heating of earth’s surface is greater than radiational cooling and radiational cooling of the atmosphere is greater than radiational heating. However, due to the formation of temperature gradient, heat is transported from warmer earth’s surface to the cooler atmosphere through processes of latent heating and sensible heating cooling the earth’s surface. Radiation is the principal means by which heat enters and escapes from the planet to space maintaining a habitable environment on earth. Answer: If the temperature falls below freezing, bridge will freeze more quickly than the road surface. Compared to road surface, bridge is exposed to air from all sides resulting in rapid heat loss. Additionally, the heat underneath the road keeps it warm enough extending the time duration of heat loss. The bridge material (mostly steel or concrete) is also a good conductor of heat, whereas road surface material (asphalt) is an insulator of heat. For these reasons, a traffic sign along an Ohio highway warns motorists that a bridge freezes before the road surface. Answer: Both Fahrenheit and Celsius are useful temperature scales for measuring temperature and are based upon the reproducible phase changes in water. On Celsius scale, freezing point of water is 0Â °C and boiling point is 100Â °C. On Fahrenheit temperature scale, water freezes at 32Â °F and boils at 212Â °F. Thus, the Celsius scale is more convenient to use as a 100 degree interval separates the freezing and boiling points of pure water at sea level. Compared to Celsius, Fahrenheit scale is more

Paraphrasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Paraphrasing - Essay Example Reports from eyewitnesses were recorded that a cloud of gas settled over and gradually moved through the shanty towns (Shastri, 1985). However, diffusion of this gas cloud was prevented by atmospheric inversion and low-wind speed. When the gas cleared on the dawn of December 4th, the affected individuals were either dead or injured. According to statistics, this is considered as one of the worst industrial disasters to happen; resulting to approximately 3,787 deaths and 558,125 injuries. This outstanding rate of fatalities did not stop but persisted for months causing further harm. Approximately 50,000 people were estimated to suffer from the long-term health effects. Moreover, nine years after the fatality, more than a thousand residents continued to experience health issues which may be linked to the accident. Examples of such health issues are corneal opacities, numbness, early cataracts, Post traumatic stress disorder, Impairment of memory, finer motor skills, and chronic bronchi tis (Dhara & Kriebel, 1993). After the tragedy, Union Carbide India Limited with the permission of the Indian government cleaned up the area until 1998. Union Carbide India Limited also donated $2 million to the Prime Minister’s Relief Fund, $5 million to the Indian Red Cross, and shared all information concerning methylisocyanate with the Indian government. In the year 1998, the Madhya Pradesh State Government took over Union Carbide India Limited and assumed responsibility. Five years later after the tragedy, the Supreme Court of India ordered Union Carbide India Limited to pay $470 million to the Indian government; the amount was paid in full ten days later. Moreover, the court ordered the Indian government to purchase medical insurance policy to cover 100,000 affected people. In the year 2004, the Supreme Court of India ordered the Government to give the remaining